Topic 3. Flashcards
What is an ionic bond?
Ionic bonds are the electrostatic forces of attraction between opposite charged ions (positively charged cations and negatively charged anions).
What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
What are the 7 shapes of molecules?
- Linear.
- Trigonal planar.
- Non-linear.
- Pyramidal.
- Tetrahedral.
- Trigonal bipyramidal.
- Octahedral.
Explain a linear molecule shape in terms of:
- Number of bonding pairs.
- Degrees.
- Example.
- Number of bonding pairs:
2 bonding pairs. - Degrees:
180°. - Example:
Carbon dioxide CO2.
Explain a trigonal planar molecule shape in terms of:
- Number of bonding pairs.
- Degrees.
- Examples.
- Number of bonding pairs:
3 bonding pairs. - Degrees:
120°. - Example:
Boron trifluoride BF3.
Explain a tetrahedral molecule shape in terms of:
- Number of bonding pairs.
- Degrees.
- Example.
- Number of bonding pairs:
4 bonding pairs. - Degrees:
109.5°. - Example:
Methane CH4
Explain a pyramidal molecule shape in terms of:
- Number of bonding pairs.
- Degrees.
- Examples.
- Number of bonding pairs:
3 bonding pairs. - Degrees:
107°. - Examples:
Ammonia NH3.
Explain a non-linear molecule shape in terms of:
- Number of bonding pairs.
- Degrees.
- Examples.
- Number of bonding pairs:
2 bonding pairs. - Degrees:
104.5°. - Example:
Water H20.
Explain a octahedral molecule shape in terms of:
- Number of bonding pairs.
- Degrees.
- Examples.
- Number of bonding pairs:
6 bonding pairs. - Degrees:
90°. - Example:
Sulfur hexafluoride SF6.
Explain a trigonal bipyramidal molecule shape in terms of:
- Number of bonding pairs.
- Degrees.
- Examples.
- Number of bonding pairs:
6 bonding pairs. - Degrees:
90° and 120°. - Example:
Phosphorus pentafluoride PF5.
