Topic 3 Flashcards
Role of conceptual modelling
It originates in the mind with the purpose of outlining principles, processes and basic functions of a design to help us understand and communicate ideas.
Advantages/Disadvantages of conceptual modelling
A:
- Makes it easy for non-designers to understand a complex idea
- Communication with users
- Seeing peoples’ reactions to concepts and ideas
D:
- Can be misinterpreted
- Lack of detail
Graphical model definition
A 2D or 3D drawing/visualization of an idea created on paper or software.
Perspective drawing definition
A drawing that shows what the product will look like when it’s finished in a more lifelike way (lines head towards a vanishing point).
Isometric drawing definition
A drawing that accurately shows what a product will look like when it’s finished (objects are 30 degrees)
Orthographic projection definition
A way of drawing 3D objects from different directions (front, side and plan view). Useful when a design is at a stage where it’s almost ready to manufacture. Minimum 3 views.
Scale drawings definition
Drawings that show an object in proportion to its actual size. Used when something needs to be presented accurately for presenting/manufacturing.
Sketching vs. Formal drawing techniques
Sketching: Free hand representation used very early in the design
A: Communicates ideas quickly
D: Can’t take the idea to manufacture
Formal: Accurate drawings used in the development stages of the design.
A: Detailed and can be used to construct accurate views that can’t be seen in a 3D drawing
D: Time consuming and specialist equipment needed
Part drawings definition
Provides information to assemble a product with a list of parts or bill of materials. Useful to see if a part is broken and how to repair it.
Assembly drawing definition
Shows how parts of a product fit together.
2 Types:
- A fitted assembly drawing shows the parts put together in 2D or 3D
- An exploded assembly drawing shows the parts separated in 3D
Scale model definition
Smaller/larger physical copy of an object, allows visualization
Aesthetic model definition
Designed to look like the product but not work like it. Give a representation of the feel and look, used for ergonomic testing.
Mock-ups definition
Scale/full-size representations of a product used to gain feedback from users (work-like and look-like).
Functional prototype definition
Semi to fully functioning model built to act as an object to be replicated or learned from. Created to help the development team gain feedback from users and learn from building it.
Range of fidelity
Fidelity: The measure of the realism of a model
Low Fidelity - Conceptual representation
Medium Fidelity - Representation of aspects of the idea
High Fidelity - Mock-up of the idea (as close as possible to the final product)
Instrumented models definition
Physical models used to take measurements related to the performance of the product and user interaction with it.
Surface modelling definition
Surface models are photo-realistic images of a product that don’t provide data about the interior.
Solid modelling definition
Solid models are clear representations of the final product that provide data including internal dimensions and volume.
Virtual prototyping definition
Involves the use of surface and solid modeling to develop interactive models which can be considered digital mock-ups.
Bottom-up modeling
The designer specifies the base parts of the design, then assembles them to create the product.
Top-down modelling
The design originates as a concept then gradually adds more complexity to become a complete product consisting of components and sub-assemblies.
Digital humans
Computer simulations of the human body used to interact with virtual prototypes, to enable a product to be developed more quickly and meet human requirements more accurately. Cheaper than physical products.
Motion capture
The recording of human and animal movement using sensors to track the position and develop a digital representation of the motion. Reduces cost of animation, saves time, more natural.
Haptic technology
Force feedback technology that affects the user via the sense of touch.
Virtual reality
The ability to simulate a real situation on the screen and interact with it in a near-nature way.
Animation
Ability to link graphic screens together to simulate motion or a process.
Finite element analysis
Simulation of unknown factors in products to simulate stresses. It uses color indication.
Stereolithography (SLA)
Uses resin and an ultraviolet laser. The laser hardens the resin to form the structure of the objecting being printed, where more liquid continues to flow until the object is complete.
Laminated object manufacturing (LOM)
Takes CAD data from a 3D model and cuts out each layer from a roll of material, then the layers are glued together to form the model.
Fused deposition modelling (FDM)
Uses an additive principle by building parts layer by layer. Plastic or metal is unwound from a coil then sent to a nozzle. The nozzle is heated to melt the material .
Selective laser sintering (SLS)
An additive manufacturing technique that uses a laser that sinters a heat fusible powder.
