Topic 2.Respiratory System

Question 1

Define Respiration

Answer 1

a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

Question 2

Define cellular respiration

Answer 2

The aerobic breakdown of glucose in the mitochondria to make ATP

Question 3

Define the respiratory system

Answer 3

Is the organs in animals that exchange gases within the environment

Question 4

What does the respiratory system allow

Answer 4

It allows animals to move oxygen (needed for cellular respiration) into body body tissues and remove CO2 (waste product of cellular respiration)from cells

Question 5

Name 1 fact about Gas exchange by diffusion

Answer 5

Some animals simply allow gases to diffuse through the skins

Eg Flatworms

Question 6

Structure specialised for gas exchange include :

Answer 6

• gills (aquatic animals )
• spiracles (terrestrial insects )
• lungs (most terrestrial vertebrates)

Question 7

What are the uses of fish gills

Answer 7

• To increase gas exchange efficiency using countercurrent exchange
• Running blood through the system in the opposite direction so water keeps a diffusion gradient throughout the entire exchange

Question 8

Gills exchange gases in fish .

What is the site of gas exchange in mammals

Answer 8

Alveoli

Question 9

What does the human Respiratory include

Answer 9

Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Trachea

Question 10

What happens during inhalation

Answer 10

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contact

Question 11

What happens during exhalation

Answer 11

These muscles relax and the diaphragm domes upwards

Question 12

State 2 facts about Alveoli

Answer 12

• The Alveoli are moist , thin -walled pockets which are the site of gas exchange
• A slightly surfactant that prevents the alveolar walls from collapsing and sticking together

Question 13

True or false

The diaphragm contracts when you breathe in

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the respiratory surface made up of

Answer 14

Made up of the alveoli on capillary

Question 15

What is common between the walls of the capillaries and the alveoli

Answer 15

They share the same membrane

Question 16

Free info …

Answer 16

-Air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less CO2 than the blood that flows in the pulmonary capillaries

Question 17

Why does the Haemoglobin bind to oxygen

Answer 17

So that the oxygen diffuses into the blood stream

Question 18

True or false

CO2 can dissolve in plasma and about 70% forms bicarbonate ions

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false

Some CO2 can bind to haemoglobin for transport

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or false

Cells use oxygen quickly for cellular respiration

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or false

Cells create oxygen during cellular respiration

Answer 21

False

It creates carbon dioxide

Question 22

True or false

CO2 levels in the cell are higher than in the blood coming to them

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Why is diffusion of oxygen from lungs to blood rapid

Answer 23

1. Active transport moves oxygen
2. Haemoglobin takes up oxygen ,keeping plasma concentration low
3. Blood plasma is oxygen-rich

Question 24

Most of the oxygen in blood is bound to what

Answer 24

The Haemoglobin

Question 25

What contents are found in smoke

Answer 25

• CO2 ,which effect the co2 diffusion gradient
• Carcinogenic chemicals that can trigger tumours and cancer cells
• Toxic nicotine ,which paralyses cilia (small hairs in the noise ) that normally cleans the lungs

Question 26

Beside cancer what can smoking lead to .

Answer 26

Emphysema

Question 27

What does Emphysema do

Answer 27

It cause alveoli to become brittle ad dry and eventually rupture which effects the gas exchange in mammals

Question 28

True or false

Active smoking only causes lung problems unlike passive smoking which doesn’t

Answer 28

False

Both active and passive smoking can cause lung problems

Question 29

What cause Cystic fibrosis

Answer 29

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a change, or mutation (of a single cell gene ), in a gene called CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). This gene controls the flow of salt and fluids in and out of your cells. If the CFTR gene doesn’t work the way it should, a sticky mucus builds up in your body.

Question 30

I believe in you boo you got this for real

Answer 30

Kick some Ass and show them flames ❤️❤️❤️

Question 31

Why do we breath

Answer 31

To survive
To Carry out the seven life processes
To break down food
To break down energy for cellular respiration
To provide plants with carbon dioxide

Question 32

Each alveolus wall is coverd in what

Answer 32

It’s surrounded by blood capillaries

Question 33

Define the process that takes place in the alveoli (gaseous exchange )

Answer 33

Oxygen defuses through the walls of the capillary and into the blood and carbon dioxide defuses from the blood into the lungs. The blood transports oxygen to the rest of the body and the oxygen defuses from the blood into the cells.

Question 34

What are the main process of the respiratory system

Answer 34

Breathing ,gaseous exchange and respiration

Question 35

Where do the lungs begin

Answer 35

At the bottom of the trachea

Question 36

What is the bronchial tree made up of

Answer 36

The Bronchi ,the bronchioles the alveoli and the trachea

Question 37

What is the upper respiratory tracts made of

Answer 37

The nasal cavity ,the mouth ,the larynx (voice box),the pharynx (throat )

Question 38

What does the larynx do

Answer 38

Produces sound by a vibration and helps keep food out of the lungs

Question 39

Where does air from the mouth and nose pass by

Answer 39

Via the pharynx (throat)

Question 40

What is the lower respiratory tract made up of

Answer 40

Trachea ,bronchi,lungs ,bronchioles ,the alveoli