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Chemistry Yr11 > Topic 2.1 - 2.4 > Flashcards

Topic 2.1 - 2.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mnemonic to remember Reactivity Series of Metals?

A

Please Send Little Charlie’s Monkeys and Zebras In Tall Lead Cages Securely Guarded

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2
Q

How do Potassium and Sodium react when cut and left in air?

A

Shiny surface quickly tarnishes

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3
Q

How does Potassium react when heated in air?

A

Burn with lilac flame

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4
Q

How does Sodium react when heated in air?

A

Burns with bright yellow flame

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5
Q

How do Ca, Mg, Al and Zn react when left in air?

A

React slowly forming layer of oxide

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6
Q

How does Calcium react when heated in air?

A

Burns with brick red flame

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7
Q

How does Magnesium react when heated in air?

A

Burns with bright white light, leaving white ash

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8
Q

How does Aluminium powder react when heated in air?

A

Burns with white sparks leaving white solid

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9
Q

How does Zinc react when heated in air?

A

Burns leaving yellow solid, which changes to white when cooled

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10
Q

How do Iron and Copper react when left in air?

A

Forms oxide layer, easily rubbed off

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11
Q

How does Iron wool react when heated in air?

A

Burn with yellow/orange sparks forming black solid

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12
Q

How does Copper react when heated in air?

A

Quickly forms black oxide layer

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13
Q

Give 4 observations of Potassium reacting with water?

A

Floats
Fizzes across surface
Lilac flame
Bubbles of gas

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14
Q

Give 4 observations of Sodium reacting with water?

A

Floats
Fizzes across surface
Rolls in to ball
Heat released

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15
Q

Give 3 observations of Calcium reacting with water?

A

Sinks initially
Bubbles of gas
Heat released

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16
Q

Give observation of Magnesium reacting with water?

A

Some bubbles of gas released

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17
Q

Will Aluminium, Zinc, Iron and Copper react with water?

A

No

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18
Q

If Universal indicator was used, what would the colour change be after the reactions of Potassium and Sodium in water?

A

Green to Blue

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19
Q

How do we know that the gas produced from reactions of Calcium and Magnesium with water is Hydrogen?

A

When gas is collected, it burns with a squeaky pop

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20
Q

Word Equation for reaction of Metal and Water?

A

Metal + Water —> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

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21
Q

Magnesium reaction with steam?

A

Produces bright white light and forms white solid

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22
Q

Reaction of Aluminium powder and steam?

A

Forms white powder

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23
Q

Reaction of Zinc with Steam?

A

Glows, producing yellow powder which becomes white when left to cool

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24
Q

Reaction of Red hot Iron and steam?

A

Forms black solid

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25
Q

What is a Displacement Reaction?

A

This is a reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive element from its compound

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26
Q

Give 2 tests for presence of water?

A
  • Placing Anhydrous Copper Sulphate, if colour changes from white to blue, water is present
  • Placing Anhydrous Cobalt Chloride, if colour changes from blue to pink, water is present
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27
Q

How to test for pure water?

A

Check if freezing point is exactly 0°C or if boiling point is exactly 100°C

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28
Q

Definition of Hardwater?

A

Water that doesn’t easily lather with soap

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29
Q

Name 2 ions that cause water to be hard?

A

Calcium ions

Magnesium ions

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30
Q

Why does Hard water not lather easily with soap?

A

Calcium ions react with Stearate ions in soap to form scum

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31
Q

Chemical name of Scum?

A

Calcium Stearate

32
Q

What ion in hard water helps form strong teeth and bones?

A

Calcium ions

33
Q

Give 2 terms that describe hardness of hard water?

A

Permanent

Temporary

34
Q

What 2 salts causes Hardwater to be Temporary?

A

Calcium HydrogenCarbonate

Magnesium HydrogenCarbonate

35
Q

Give 3 features of Hard Water areas?

A

Pot holes
Caverns
Stalagmites and Stalactites

36
Q

Definition of Temporary Hardwater?

A

Water that when boiled, Calcium HydrogenCarbonate decomposes and insoluble Calcium Carbonate is formed

37
Q

What is Calcium Carbonate?

A

Like scale

38
Q

Give word equation of formation of scum?

A

Sodium Stearate + Hardwater —> Calcium Stearate + Sodium

39
Q

Give word equation of temporary Hardwater being heated?

A

Calcium HydrogenCarbonate —> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Calcium Carbonate

40
Q

Why does boiling temporary hard water cause it to become soft?

A

Boiling the water causes precipitation of Calcium/Magnesium Carbonate. This removes calcium and magnesium ions, removing the hardness

41
Q

Definition of Permanent Hardwater?

A

Water that contains Calcium and Magnesium salts that cannot be broken down by boiling

42
Q

Give 2 ways in which Permanent Hardwater can become soft?

A
  • Adding Washing Soda

- Ion Exchange Columns

43
Q

Why does adding washing soda to Hardwater cause it to become soft?

A

Washing soda is Sodium Carbonate. Calcium and Magnesium ions react with Sodium Carbonate and form insoluble Calcium/Magnesium Carbonate, removing the hardness

44
Q

Why do Ion Exchange columns make Hardwater soft?

A

Ion exchange column contains resin with sodium ions. Calcium and Magnesium ions exchange with Sodium as water flows through column. Calcium and Magnesium ions are thus removed, removing the hardness

45
Q

Give 4 advantages of Hardwater?

A

Tastes better
Provides calcium ions for strong bones and teeth
Better for tanning leather
Better for brewing beer

46
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of Hardwater?

A

Limescale
Produces scum which wastes soap
Special dishwasher salt needed so as to soften water, extra cost

47
Q

Give 2 examples of Dessicants?

A

Silica Gel

Calcium Chloride

48
Q

Define Dessicant?

A

A substance which absorbs moisture

49
Q

Define Deliquescent?

A

A substance that absorbs so much moisture in the air that it dissolves, forming a solution

50
Q

Give 3 advantages of Flouridation?

A

Prevents tooth decay
Protects enamel
Lowers cavities in teeth

51
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of Flouridation?

A

Flourosis

Ethical issues, seen as mass medication

52
Q

What is Flouridation?

A

When flouride ions are added to the water supply

53
Q

Give 4 signs that indicate a chemical reaction taking place?

A

Colour change
Precipitate
Gas
Temperature change

54
Q

Give 3 exothermic reactions?

A

Combustion
Neutralisation
Displacement

55
Q

Give 3 endothermic reactions?

A

Thermal Decomposition
Cracking
Photosynthesis

56
Q

Define Thermal Decomposition?

A

The breaking down of a compound using Heat

57
Q

Give 2 uses of limestone?

A

Blast furnace

Neutralising acidic soil

58
Q

Give 2 uses of Calcium Oxide?

A
  • Mixing with water to produce limewater

- Making plaster

59
Q

3 advantages of Limestone quarrying?

A

Provide jobs
Raw material for use in blast furnace or soil neutralisation
Boosts the economy

60
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of Limestone quarrying?

A

Eye sore
Ruins animal habitats
Noise and dust pollution

61
Q

Give 3 consequences in Global Warming?

A

Flooding
Drought
Destruction of habitat

62
Q

Who devised the Continental Drift Theory?

A

Alfred Wegner

63
Q

What is Continental Drift?

A

The idea that the continents were once 1 large landmass, but they drifted apart

64
Q

What is the current theory on plate tectonics?

A

Continents move due to conventional currents in the mantle

65
Q

What causes an Earthquake?

A

When 2 tectonic plates slide past each other, or 1 slides under another, the plates may bend. As a result forces can be suddenly released which causes to ground to shake violently

66
Q

What causes a Volcano?

A

When plates move apart, the earths crust is stretched, and may even crack. Molten magma can thus escape and a volcano is formed

67
Q

What is the chemical name of Rust?

A

Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide

68
Q

Define Galvanising?

A

A process that bonds a layer of reactive metal over the surface of a less reactive metal

69
Q

Define Reducing Agent?

A

A substance that reduces an oxidised compound

70
Q

Define Oxidising Agent?

A

A substance which oxidises a reduced compound

71
Q

Give 3 examples of Oxidation and Reduction in Industry?

A
  • Extraction of iron from blast furnace
  • Extraction of aluminium by electrolysis
  • Production of ammonia in the Haber Process
72
Q

Define Rate of Reaction?

A

A measure of how fast or slow a reaction is

73
Q

2 ways to measure Rate of Reaction?

A
  • Measure how quickly the products form in a given time

- Meausre how quickly reactants are used up in a given time

74
Q

Time is Inversely Proportional to Rate. True or false?

A

True

75
Q

What 4 factors affect rate of reaction?

A

Surface area
Concentration
Temperature
Catalysts

76
Q

What is Collision Theory?

A

For a reaction to take place, reacting particles must collide with sufficient Activation Energy

77
Q

What is Activation Energy?

A

The minimum energy required for a reaction to take place between reacting particles

Chemistry Yr11 (9 decks)

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