Topic 20: Transcription

Question 1

Explain the process of transcription of a gene into a messenger RNA(mRNA) and how the process is different in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes.

Answer 1

Transcription: The process of transcribing DNA into RNA.
Process: The enzyme RNA polymerase is attahced to apromoter sequence of the DNA and synthesizied mRNA from 5’ to 3’ end. Base pairs are attached through the process of elongation and then he mRNA reaches a stop region where the mRNA rips away from the DNA creating the mRNA.

In eukaryotes: mRNA conains non-coding regions called introns and coding regions called extrons were through RNA splicing introns are removed and extrons are attached back together.

Question 2

Explain how expression of different genes is controlled.

Answer 2

Expression of diferent genes is controlled

Question 3

Explain the importance of a promoter region

Answer 3

A promoter region is important because it serves as a starting area where the RNA polymerase can bind to and begin he transcrition process. The promoter region indicates which gene requires ranscritin and he direction the RNA polymerase should go.

Question 4

Describe the three RNA processing steps in eukaryotes.

Answer 4

The three RNA process in Eukayotes are 5’cap methylated, Poly-A-Tail and RNA splicing.
The 5’cap is added to the 5’ prime end
The Poly-A tail is added to the 3’ prime end
Both help for the transport of the mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and protect the mRNA fom hydrolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm. And help ribosomes find the 5’end to begin translation.

Spliced RNA: pocess where intons are cut off and extrons are attached back together to gain a mature RNA for the translation process.