Topic 2: The Era Of The Great War Flashcards
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
4th August 1914
What did Europe feel about the war?
Excited, many people flocked to the streets and waved flags + sang anthems to show love for their country.
Britain had a very… army
small
Who was Lord Kitchener?
The British secretary of state for war, was responsible for launching a massive campaign to recurit soldiers
What was Kitcheners aim?
To recruit 100,000 volunteers in the first year. They exceeded their target by November 1914 and there were almost a million soliders signed up
What was the enlistment age and what checks took place?
Enlistment age was 19. Eyesight, general health, hearing, height, feet were all checked
Patriotism
- This means being proud of your country
- Scotland already had a very proud martial (fighting) tradition and wanted to continue it.
- Men were desperate to fight and defend their country
- Scots were encouraged to join all Scottish regiments
Propaganda
- This is information that is spead to make people think a certain way
- Propaganda posters were used to encourage young men to sign up
- Posters made the army look exciting. Some told men it was their duty. Some even tried to make them feel guilty
Peer Pressure
- Many were under pressure from their family and friends to join, men had a ‘duty’ to sign up
- Guilty criminals were often pressured to enlist instead of going to prison
- Pressure on employers too. Earl of Wemyss threatened to dismiss any employee between the ages of 18-30
Pals Battalions
- Were groups of men from the same towns/workplaces who fought together in special battalions.
- In Scotland, there were no offical ‘pals battalions’ but it was common for people from the same area to join the same regiment.
Need for employment
- Scotland suffered higher unemployment and more widespread poverty than most areas in Britain
- It was fear of unemployment which resulted in 36% of miners in the Lothian coalfields enlisting
- The role of employers in Scotland was also important. Many promises of keeping jobs for recruits were quite common in 1914 when the economic impact of the war was uncertain.
Anti German
- Scots were worried about stories of German spies being present in Scotland
- Scots read stories of terrible acts being commited by German soldiers - babies being bayoneted, their heads as footbals and nurses + nuns being raped by soldiers.
- The atmosphere at the time encouraged a fear of all things German
Short War theory
- There was a belief at the time that the war would be quite short.
- Many thought the war would be over by Christmas
Adventure
- At this time, many scots had never left their town/city they had grown up in + travelling abroad was not common
- Many scots felt trapped in low paid repetitive jobs
Apalling Rations
- Soldiers did not starve but they hated the montony of their food.
- Recieved biscuits and they were similar to dog biscuits. Could of cracked their teeth
- Shortage of fresh water, often had to drink from ditches + puddles. Also often transported in emptied petrol cans.
- If rum was haded out, it indicated they would be fighting the next day + die (alcohol makes you braver)
Boredom
- Once a soldier had completed his chores, he was often left bored + nothing to do
- Could not move around much due to the fear of enemy snipers. They would read, chat, smoke, sing + sleep