Topic 2- Structure and Bonding

Question 1

Definition of ionic bonding

Answer 1

Bonding of a metal and non metal to gain a full outer shell

Question 2

Cation

Answer 2

Positive ion- an atom that loses electrons

Question 3

Anion

Answer 3

Negative ion- an atom that gains electrons

Question 4

Metals lose/gain electrons?

Answer 4

Lose to become positive

Question 5

Non-metals lose/gain electrons?

Answer 5

Gain to become negative

Question 6

Rules for ionic bonding drawing

Answer 6

1. Draw the elements, only draw the valence electrons, metal and non-metal electrons MUST look different
2. Draw the ions, there should be no electrons on the metal ion
3. Ionic bond, put square brackets around both ions, put the charge of the ion outside the bracket

Question 7

Metal ion charge

Answer 7

Same as the group number

Question 8

Non-metal ion charge

Answer 8

8-group number

Question 9

What holds the ions together in ionic bonding

Answer 9

A strong electrostatic force of attraction called an ionic bond between the positive and negative ions

Question 10

Definition of metallic bonding

Answer 10

Each metal loses its valence electrons, these freely move in the lattice between the now positively charged metal ions (between a metal and a metal)

Question 11

Ionic bonding properties

Answer 11

Directional therefore brittle, strong electrostatic force between positive and negative ions

Question 12

Directional

Answer 12

Force of attraction goes up and down

Question 13

Non directional

Answer 13

Force of attraction acts in all directions

Question 14

Metallic bonding properties

Answer 14

Strong electrostatic force between slightly positive metals and a sea of delocalised (free moving) valence electrons, non directional therefore malleable

Question 15

Definition of covalent bonding

Answer 15

When two or more non metals combine they share electrons

Question 16

Giant covalent networks

Answer 16

Diamond, Graphite, Silicon Oxide (sand)

Question 17

Ionic compound formula swap and drop

Answer 17

1. Swap the charges
2. Drop the number
3. Cancel any like charges

Question 18

The covalent bond between non metal atoms is very strong, forming individual covalent molecules however

Answer 18

The attractive force between individual molecules is very weak

Question 19

Allotrope

Answer 19

Two different forms of the same element eg. diamond and graphite are both made from carbon atoms

Question 20

Electrical conductivity

Answer 20

For something to conduct electricity there must be free moving charged particles

Question 21

Charged particles can be

Answer 21

Electrons or ions

Question 22

Solubility

Answer 22

If a solid or liquid can dissolve in a solvent it is soluble, if something is soluble, it is because the solvent is attracted to the solute and that attractive force can overcome the bond/ force between the solute