Topic 2, Section 3: Protest and personal freedom Flashcards
When was the SDS established?
1960
What did they encourage students to do?
- to change the political and social system
- to liberate the poor, the ethnic minorities and all enslaved by conformity
- to support peaceful foreign policy.
When did the SDS first gain national attention?
April 1965 when they held an Anti-Vietnam War demonstration in Washington DC. Around 25,000 marched, but it did nothing to stop President Johnson’s involvement in the war.
What and when was the Berkeley Free Speech Movement (FSM)?
It was a group of protests, which occurred in December 1964.
What were some key moments in FSM?
- students occupied the administration building until the police ejected them and made 800 arrests.
- its slogan was “You can’t trust anyone over 30”.
- gained considerable support from the teaching staff.
What were the consequences of the FSM?
It triggered nationwide student protest.
Examples of antiwar protests.
- during 1965, many universities held “teach-ins” with antiwar lectures and debates; 20,000 Berkeley students participated in a teach-in.
- in May 1984, 1,000 Yale University students staged a protest march in NYC.
Examples of violent student protest.
-several thousand Berkeley radicals tried to close down the Oakland draft headquarters. They were faced with 2,000 police who attacked them with clubs. The students retaliated with cans, bottles, smoke bombs and ball bearings placed on the street to stop police horses.
Controversies of Columbia University’s expansion program.
- since 1958, their expansion programmes had led to the eviction of several thousand Harlem residents from properties owned by the university.
- in 1968, the university planned to construct a gym in a public park. The Harlem population would be able to access the gym, but through a separate door. Students interpreted this as a segregationist policy and opposed the construction of “Gym Crow”.
Reactions to Columbia University’s expansion program.
-1,000 of 17,000 participated. Students seized five university buildings and covered the walls with pictures of Malcolm X and communist heroes such as Karl Marx and Che Guevara. Police used clubs and arrested 692 students.
Consequences to protests following Columbia University’s expansion program.
The university shut down for a term and abandoned the gym and many defence contracts. Hundred of similar occupations followed across the US.
Facts about Woodstock.
- 1969, in New York State.
- 400,000 people attended.
- slogan was “Make love not war”
- Jimi Hendrix performed the national anthem, which attracted
When was NOW established?
1966
What were some methods of protests used by women?
- Protests
- Bra burning
- Marches
- Establishment of NOW
What were some successes of the women’s movement?
- gained national attention
- publicised sexist ways
- LBJ responded favourably to feminism, lobbying with a 1967 Executive Order which banned gender discrimination.
