Topic 2 - (respiration/breathing) Flashcards
What are the 2 different types of respiration?
Aerobic and anaerobic
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration that uses oxygen
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water + energy
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
In the mitochondria
Why do we need respiration?
To release energy for…?
- reproduction
- building molecules
- movement
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without oxygen
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in HUMANS?
Glucose - lactic acid + energy
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in YEAST?
Glucose - Carbon Dioxide + alcohol (ethanol)
Which type of respiration is more efficient/ releases more energy quicker?
Aerobic
When does anaerobic respiration occur?
When the body can’t get enough oxygen so it has to take energy from glucose and give it to your cells
What builds up in anaerobic respiration in humans, and can be painful?
Lactic acid
What is the process of alcohol being produced in anaerobic respiration called?
Fermentation
List 3 similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration:
1) both require glucose
2) both work together to release energy
3) both types of cellular respiration
List 3 differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration:
1) Aerobic needs oxygen to take place, anaerobic doesn’t
2) aerobic releases more energy than anaerobic
3) anaerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm unlike aerobic which takes place in the mitochondria
Where does anaerobic respiration take place?
Cytoplasm
Why might you need to respire anaerobically in some sports? And which sports?
Because when you exercise in short energetic bursts in sports like SPRINTING and WEIGHTLIFTING, you can’t get the amount of oxygen your body needs to respire aerobically, so you have to respire anaerobically (without oxygen)
What is oxygen debt and when does it happen?
Oxygen debt is the oxygen in your body that you use to get rid of the lactic acid that was produced during anaerobic respiration.
Why might you be breathing deeply after exercise?
So your body can quickly replace the oxygen from your oxygen debt
Which sports require aerobic respiration?
- jogging
- long distance swimming
What is gas exchange?
The process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanging in the alveoli
Oxygen passes from the …….. into the ………
Alveoli
Blood
Carbon dioxide passes from the …….. into the ………
Blood
Alveoli
What is diffusion in gas exchange?
The spreading out of oxygen and carbon dioxide particles between the walls of the alveoli
What is the waste product of respiration?
Carbon dioxide
List 3 ways in which the lungs are well adapted for gas exchange:
1) they are moist
2) they have alveoli which have a large surface area and capillaries
3) they have a good blood supply
What is the difference between breathing and respiration?
BREATHING is the mechanism of getting gases in and out of your body, but respiration is the actual chemical reaction, using the gases breathed in
What happens when you breathe in?
- diaphragm CONTRACTS and FLATTENS
- intercostal muscles CONTRACT, moving the rib cage UP and OUT.
- volume INCREASES and pressure DECREASES
- Air rushes IN
What happens when you breathe out?
- diaphragm RELAXES and moves UP
- intercostal muscles RELAX, moving the rib cage DOWN and IN.
- volume DECREASES and pressure INCREASES
- Air rushes OUT
What is lung volume and what is it measured in?
the total amount of air in your lungs
Measured in cm3
1cm3 = ?
1ML
What factors can affect lung volume?
- height
- age
- weight
How can lung volume be measured?
Using a Spirogram
What factors can affect your respiratory and breathing system?
- exercise
- asthma
- smoking
what is the chemical reaction in plants that has a product of carbon dioxide?
Respiration (aerobic)
