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Politics AS > TOPIC 2 - PART 3 - Party Policies and Ideas (Part 2 - Labour Party) > Flashcards

TOPIC 2 - PART 3 - Party Policies and Ideas (Part 2 - Labour Party) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Socialism?

A

Socialism is a doctrine that includes ideas such as collectivism, equality for all, collective ownership of the means of production and state economic planning.

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2
Q

Is the Labour party traditionally a socialist party?

A

No, it is not a socialist party but it is based on a milder form of socialism known as DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM

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3
Q

What is DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM

A

Democratic socialism believe that both the economy and society should be run democratically—to meet public needs and not to make profits for a few.

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4
Q

What are the key features of the Labour Party?

A
  1. EQUALITY - people are of equal value and there should be no unjustified privileges or inequality in society
  2. COLLECTIVISM - they believe that most people prefer to achieve their goals collectively rather than individually as man is a social animal.
  3. CONTROL CAPITALISM - capitalism can be tolerated but only if the exploitation of workers and consumers can be controlled
  4. SOCIAL JUSTICE - A belief and aspiration that all in society should have equal opportunities, access to a decent standard of living and should be able to improve their life through their own merit
  5. CLASS AND SOCIETY - they believe there is a fundamental division in society between classes (middle and working) and that this needs to be reconciled.
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5
Q

Who introduced New Labour

A

This took place from the middle of the 1990s under the leadership of John Smith and Tony Blair.

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6
Q

What is New Labour?

A

It was a more moderate and less left wing as compared to traditional labour.

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7
Q

Provide some examples of ideas and principles that reflect the Labour Party attitude towards EQUALITY

A
  1. Artificial privileges should be removed or reduced.
  2. Taxation and welfare benefits should be used to reduce difference in real incomes
  3. Wealth should not give anyone unjustified access to power.
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8
Q

Provide some examples of ideas and principles that reflect the Labour Party attitude towards CAPITALISM

A
  1. Key industries including those providing infrastructure, energy and utilities should be brought under public ownership and state control.
  2. There should be strong trade unions to defend the interests of workers
  3. There should be control over monopoly power
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9
Q

Provide some examples of ideas and principles that reflect the Labour Party attitude towards COLLECTIVISM AND UNIVERSALISM

A
  1. There should be a welfare state where such goods as healthcare, education, pensions and social care should be paid out of general taxation and all should be entitled to such benefits.
  2. Local government services are a vital aspect of collectivism
  3. Workers ar best protected by unions rather than through laws protecting individuals
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10
Q

Provide some examples of ideas and principles that reflect the Labour Party attitude towards SOCIAL JUSTICE

A
  1. Provide education and other welfare benefits to widen personal opportunity
  2. The welfare state should guarantee living standards
  3. Strong laws should guarantee equal rights and to outlaw discrimination
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11
Q

Provide some examples of ideas and principles that reflect the Labour Party attitude towards CLASS AND SOCIETY

A
  1. The standard of living for the working class should be subsidised through progressive taxation and welfare provisions
  2. Strong trade unions should be allowed to represent the interests of the working class
  3. There should be economic management to control unemployment
  4. Nationalisation will give the working class a greater stake in the economy
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12
Q

What are the main principles and ideas of New Labour?

A
  1. INDIVIDUALISM - this involves a move from the old collectivist ideas to a greater emphasis on individualism
  2. FREE MARKET - free market capitalism is the best wealth creator and state should only take control when in the public interest
  3. WELFARE STATE - supported increase in welfare spending but only targeted to those most in need rather than universally
  4. SOCIAL JUSTICE - similar beliefs to traditional labour.
  5. COMMUNITARIANISM -in a world of free market capitalism and individualism, all still have a responsibility to care for the community collectively.
  6. ETHICAL FOREIGN POLICY - belief that supporting poorer parts of the world and caring for developing world is in the UK’s self interest
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13
Q

Name 5 differences between New Labour and Traditional Labour

A
  1. New Labour stresses INDIVIDUALISM whereas old labour stresses COLLECTIVISM.
  2. New Labour believes in FREE MARKET and encourages it whereas Old Labour seeks to modify and REGULATE CAPITALISM by creating an economy of both public and private sectors.
  3. New Labour sees the state role as merely enabling INDIVIDUALS to prosper whereas old labour saw the STATE as the key to improving society.
  4. New Labour sees INDIVIDUAL INTERESTS as being more important than class whereas Old Labour saw society in terms of CLASS CONFLICT.
  5. New Labour sees INEQUALITY in society as NATURAL and can be tolerated provided there is equality of opportunity whereas Old Labour sought to promote ECONOMIC and SOCIAL EQUALITY FOR ALL.
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14
Q

Name 5 similarities between New Labour and Old/Traditional Labour?

A
  1. Both strands believe in fundamental SOCIAL JUSTICE and that excessive inequality in society is unacceptable.
  2. They both believe that the WELFARE STATE is a key element in creating and maintaining social justice
  3. They believe that there should be WIDESPREAD EQUALITY of opportunity.
  4. They both believe there should be EQUAL RIGHTS and no artificial discrimination against sections of society
  5. They believe in a CAPITALIST SOCIETY, private enterprises need to be regulated to ensure they do not act against the public interest.
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15
Q

What is Modern Labour?

A

Modern Labour was influenced by Ed Miliband after the party’s defeat in the 2010 election.

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16
Q

What are Modern Labour’s policies and principles?

A
  1. Emphasis on EDUCATION as being the main driver for social justice and social mobility.
  2. More STATE INTERVENTIONS in certain sectors of the economy by way of new company tax policies and public investment in industry
  3. More emphasis on ENVIRONMENTAL protection
  4. More active state intervention to PROMOTE GROWTH.
17
Q

Explain the three main areas of fraction / tendencies within the Labour Party

A
  1. NEW LABOUR TRADITIONALISTS - supporters of principles of the “Third Way” developed in the 1990s
  2. THE LEFT - those who support traditional labour principles such as radical redistribution of income, restroring strength of trade unions and return of some major industries to state control.
  3. THE RIGHT - often referred to as “B;ue abour” support a number of Conservative Party policies such as cavoiding high levels of immigration and more local control of health and education.
18
Q

What is traditional liberalism?

A

The ideology of liberalism dates back to the late 18th century and it has been a central feature of political life.
Most partie ssupport these basic ideas.

19
Q

What are the 7 basic ideas of Traditional Liberalism?

A
  1. The vital importance of INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES and rights.
  2. EQUAL RIGHTS for individuals and groups.
  3. Destruction of aARTIFICAIL PRIVILEGES.
  4. TOLERANCE of differing beliefs, movements and cultures.
  5. CONSTITUTIONALISM - belief that there should be strict legal rules to determine the operation of government and politics.
  6. LIMITED GOVERNMENTAL to prevent the concentration of power within the state.
  7. MAXIMISATION of democracy and the dispersal of power as widely as possible
20
Q

Provide 4 examples of ideas and principles that reflect NEW LABOUR’s attitude towards INDIVIDUALISM

A
  1. Lower personal taxation
  2. Home ownership encouraged and supported
  3. Small businesses encouraged and supported
  4. Stress on EDUCATION (especially higher education) to increase opportunities and social mobility
21
Q

Provide 4 examples of ideas and principles that reflect NEW LABOUR’s attitude towards FREE MARKET

A
  1. No return to nationalisation of industries
  2. Reduce CORPORATE TAXES to encourage enterprise and innovation
  3. Allow COMPETITION between private sector and public sector
  4. Weaken TRADE UNIONS to ensure they do not interfere so much with free labour markets
22
Q

Provide 3 examples of ideas and principles that reflect NEW LABOUR’s attitude towards WELFARE STATE

A
  1. Increased spending on health and education
  2. Welfare benefits to be reformed and targeted to those most in need
  3. Improved efficiency by allowing private sector to compete to provide services to welfare state
23
Q

Provide 6 examples of ideas and principles that reflect NEW LABOUR’s attitude towards SOCIAL JUSTICE

A
  1. Provide education to widen personal opportunity
  2. Support welfare state to guarantee minimum living standards
  3. Strong laws to guarantee equal rights and outlaw discrimination
  4. Have a minimum wage to eliminate unacceptable low wages
  5. Reduce child poverty through welfare and education systems
  6. Introduce tax credit system to guarantee minimum standards of living
24
Q

Provide 3 examples of ideas and principles that reflect NEW LABOUR’s attitude towards COMMUNITARIANISM

A
  1. Caring attitude to the environment with strong green policies
  2. An emphasis on schools, local welfare services and strong social services
  3. State support for local voluntary associations
25
Q

Provide 4 examples of ideas and principles that reflect NEW LABOUR’s attitude towards ETHICAL FOREIGN POLICY

A
  1. increase FOREiGN AID
  2. Campaigning to cancel Third World Debt
  3. Campaigning for more free market policies in world trade
  4. Intervening abroad where democracy and human rights are threatened
26
Q

Name 3 ideas and principles of the Liberal Democrat Party?

A

JEWEL LOL

  1. JUSTICE - support social justice
  2. EUROPEAN UNION - support EU
  3. WELFARISM - support welfare state
  4. ENVIRONMENT - support protection of environment
  5. LIBERALISM - protect civil rights and liberties
  6. LAW - law or code to control government power
  7. ORDER - policies that recognise that crime is often caused by porverty and sentencing ORDERS to take account of social cases for the crime.
  8. LOCALISM - strengthing local government and improving local democrarcy

Politics AS (7 decks)

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