Topic 2: organic nomenclature Flashcards
How to name an alkane
1) Parent hydrocarbon = longest continuous chain + largest number of branches
2) Number from 1st branch point
3) Identify + number branches
4) List branches in alphabetical order
Prefix rules
DON’T AFFECT ALPHABETICAL:
- Di-
- Tri-
- Sec-
- Tert-
AFFECT ALPHABETICAL:
- Iso-
- Cyclo-
What is the systematic name for isobutyl?
2-methylpropyl
What is the systematic name for secbutyl?
1-methylpropyl
What is the systematic name for tertbutyl?
1,1-dimethylethyl
How to name cycloalkanes
1) Additional groups all weigh the same = written in alphabetical order
How to name alkenes
1) Longest carbon change with C=C included
2) Start numbering from double bond
3) More than 1 alkene group = diene
How to name alkynes
1) Longest carbon chain with C≡C included
2) Start naming from triple bond
How to name alkene + alkyne combo
1) Named enyne
2) If same distance from end = double bond priority = numbered from C=C
3) If not same distance from end = numbered from whichever is closer to end
- E.g. 1-hepten-6-yne
Benzene with OH
- Common: Phenol
- Systematic: Hydroxybenzene
Benzene with with NH2
- Common: Aniline
- Systematic: Aminobenzene
Benzene with COOH
- Common: Benzoic acid
- Systematic: Carboxybenzene
Benzene with CH3
- Common: Toluene
- Systematic: Methylbenzene
What is the common name for 1,2-dimethylbenzene?
Ortho-xylene
What is the common name for 1,3-dimethylbenzene?
Meta-xylene
What is the common name for 1,4-dimethylbenzene?
Para-xylene
How to name benzene
1) All attachments have same weighting = named according to alphabetical order
2) Numbered according to what is chosen as base e.g. toluene chosen = numbered 1 from CH3 = rest are numbered as attachments
3) Can have different name variations depending on what’s chosen as base
How to name alcohol
1) If attached to terminal = primary carbon
2) If attached to internal = secondary/tertiary carbon
- E.g. Propan-2-ol
How to name aldehyde
1) Longest carbon chain including carbonyl group
2) Start numbering from C=O
How to name ketones
1) Longest carbon chain including C=O
2) Is internal so don’t number from it but around it to include it
How to name carboxylic acids
1) Longest chain including COOH
2) Start numbering from C=O
How to name esters
- 1st part of name = C-O = alcohol
- 2nd part of name = C=O = acid
