Topic #2 Meeting Animal Needs

Question 1

Describe the 2 cycle system of inhalation and exhalation that are required to pass one breath through the avian respiratory system.

Answer 1

a) 1st inhalation: Air fills the posterior air sacs
b) 1st exhalation: Posterior air sacs contract, pushing air into lungs
c) 2nd inhalation: Air passes through lungs and fills anterior air sacs
d) 2nd exhalation: As anterior air sacs contract, air that entered the body at first inhalation is pushed out of the body

Question 2

Describe the Insect tracheal system (How they breath)

Answer 2

• Resp. system consists of branched internal tubes connected to external openings along the insect’s body surface allowing O2 and CO2 to circulate to and from each cell directly

Question 3

Describe how O2 is transported and the two different metalloproteins used (Hemocyanin & Hemoglobin)

Answer 3

• Metalloproteins increase the efficiency of O2 transport in blood (Ions attached to proteins) -> 2 types
  a) Hemocyanin= 1 big protein with 2 Cu and turns blue when oxygenated and clear when oxygenated
  b) Hemoglobin= protein with 4 Fe (can carry 4 O2 molecules)

Question 4

Describe how the flow of O2 works using simple diffusion.

Answer 4

• A concentration gradient is created due to the high [O2] outside the body and the low [O2] in the cells (ex. muscle).
• Through simple diffusion, Bulk Flow and the aid of Hb/Hc O2 makes its way to target cells/tissue

Question 5

Describe how C02 Transport works

Answer 5

• CO2 has a high solubility, especially H2O
  1) CO2 prod by tissues
  2)