Topic 2 - Materials From The Earth

Question 1

What type of rock are limestone and chalk?

Answer 1

Sedimentary

Question 2

Limestone and chalk are easily

Answer 2

Broke away by wind, rain and waves

Question 3

How are metamorphic rocks formed ?

Answer 3

They’re formed by the action of heat and pressure on sedimentary rocks over long periods of one
The mineral structure and texture may have changed but the chemical composition is often the same as the original rock
As long as they don’t melt they’re classed as metamorphic

Question 4

How is marble formed?

Answer 4

When limestone or chalk are broke down by very high temperatures and reforms as small crystals

Question 5

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 5

When molten magma pushes up into the crust and cools and solidifies
They contain various different minerals in randomly arranged interlocking crystals

Question 6

What are the two different types of igneous rocks?

Answer 6

Extrusive - cool quickly above ground forming small crystals

Intrusive - cool slowly underground forming big crystals

Question 7

What can limestone be used for?

Answer 7

Buildings, statues, road surfacing

Question 8

How is cement made?

Answer 8

Powdered limestone is heated in a kiln with powdered clay

Question 9

How is concrete made?

Answer 9

By mixing cement with sand, water and gravel

Question 10

How is glass made?

Answer 10

Heating limestone, sand and sodium carbonate until it melts

Question 11

What environmental problems can quarrying limestone create?

Answer 11

• huge holes that permanently change the landscape
• quarrying processes make lots of noise and dust in quiet scenic areas
• destroys the habitat of animals and birds
• it needs to be transported away which causes noise and pollution
• waste materials produce tips

Question 12

What are some useful uses of limestone?

Answer 12

• neutralising acidic soil
• houses, road
• neutralising sulfur dioxide in power station chimneys (cause of acid rain)
• quarrying provides jobs for people which improves the local economy and can lead to local improvements
• once quarrying is completed landscaping and restoration is normally required

Question 13

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 13

• they’re formed from layers of sediment laid dow in lakes and seas
• over millions of years the layers get buried under more layers and the weight pressing down squeezes out the water
  a fluids flowing through the pores deposit natural mineral cement

Question 14

Limestone is mainly

Answer 14

Calcium carbonate

Question 15

When heated limestone thermally decomposes to make

Answer 15

Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide

Question 16

Thermal decomposition of carbonates make

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide and an oxide

Question 17

How easily a carbonate thermally decomposes depends on

Answer 17

The stability of the metal carbonate

Question 18

Calcium oxide reacts with water to make

Answer 18

Calcium hydroxide

Question 19

Calcium hydroxide is an

Answer 19

Alkali

Question 20

Calcium hydroxide can be used

Answer 20

To neutralise acidic fields, it’s quicker than calcium oxide

Question 21

Calcium hydroxide dissolves in water to produce

Answer 21

Limewater

Question 22

Metals that are Unreactive don’t form

Answer 22

Compounds

Question 23

Most metals form compiles which are found in

Answer 23

The earths crust

Question 24

If a compound contains enough of the metal to make it worthwhile extracting it’s called

Answer 24

A metal ore

Question 25

Metal mores are

Answer 25

finite resources