TOPIC 2: LOAD COMBINATION Flashcards
It is a method of calculating the effects of multiple loads acting
on a structure simultaneously.
Load Combination
These are permanent forces acting on a structure, resulting from
the weight of the building materials and structural components like walls, beams,
and floors.
Dead Loads
Temporary or movable forces, such as people, furniture, and
equipment, that can change in position and intensity
Live Loads
These are forces exerted on a structure by wind pressure, varying
with wind speed, direction, and the building’s shape and height.
Wind Loads
Forces caused by the movement of the ground during an
earthquake, which can shake or distort a structure
Seismic Loads
The weight imposed on a structure due to accumulated snow,
which varies based on climate and roof design.
Snow Loads
Additional forces such as floods, temperature changes (thermal loads), and soil movement that can impact the structure.
Other Environmental Loads
Importance of Load Combination
● Ensures the structure can handle simultaneous loads.
● Prevents underestimating potential stress resultant.
● Safety and performance are optimized under various real-life scenarios.
Load Combination Standards
● American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7)
● International Building Code (IBC)
Factor affecting Load Combinations
- Building Location
- Material Used
- Building Design
The geographic location of a building determines its exposure to seismic activity and wind forces.
Building Location
The type of material used in construction affects the building’s ability to handle different loads.
Material Used
Taller buildings and those with more floors experience greater forces due to wind and seismic activity. The height increases the lateral forces from wind, while more floors increase the mass of the building, affecting its
response to seismic loads.
Building Design
Software for Load Combinations
- STAAD.pro
- ETABS
- SAP2000
