Topic 2 - Key terms Flashcards
place
a location with meaning that has human and physical characteristics, interconnected with another place
sense of place
emotional meanings a place has to individuals or groups, eg a home which you share with a family
media place
places which a person has only read about/seen in various media such as films, books or social media
experienced place
a place a person has spent time in, sense of place becomes stronger the longer your experience th pace
Topophilia
strong attachment to a place
topophobia
dread or adverse reaction to place
endogenous factors
the local, internal characteristics which makes up a place’s identity
Location
refers to where the place is, eg rural/urban. The location determines a place’s function
topography
the shape of the landscape, eg flat, valley or hillside. topography affects land=use
physical geography
the environmental features of a place, eg rock0type, altitude
Land-use
human activities on land eg farming, industry leisure
Infrastructure
The environment built by humans, eg structures for transport (train lines)
Demographics
the statistical characteristics of human populations, such as age, race and income
Census
counts the population of people in a place and records information on their characteristics such as: age sex employment education
exogenous factors
the external influences on a place’s identity, they are caused by a place’s relationship with other places
these relationships are flows: people resources money/investment ideas/info
placeless places
places that lack diversity and are impersonal, meaning no one identifies with them
Urban regeneration
an attempt to reverse industrial decline by improving the physical structure and economy of the area
westernisation
a process whereby societies come under/adopt western cultures in areas such as fashion, industry, diet and lifestyle
hybridisation
the process whereby a cultural element blends into another culture by modifying an element to fit cultural norms
Gentrification
process where wealthier people move into, renovate and restore houses/businesses in inner cities/deteriorated areas formerly home to poorer people
Agglormeration
where industries of the same focus eg automobiles accumulate in a specific urban area to make use of its advantages
Production side theory
post-war suburban areas had lower rents creating a flow of money and people into those areas. urban areas were abandoned and their value decreased.
Rent gap theory
The inequality between the lands current use and value and its potential use and value. Developers see potential in redeveloping the area – closing the rent gap. This drives up rent/mortgage prices
consumption side theory
characterised observation whereby gentrifiers enjoy and demand arts/leisure facilities which the newly gentrified place provides
Change from ‘steel belt’ to ‘rust belt’
Parts of the city of Michigan like Detroit were industrialised, working in coal fields and the iron ore industry - steel belt
poor city management, white flight and competition from abroad led to the decline in industries in the mid-west - rust belt
ethnic make-up and wealth in Detroit
82% of residents in the city of Detroit are African-American, median household income = $27,000.
85% of residents in Grosse Pointe Park are white, median household income = $101,000.
what are the 3 main external forces that influence place
government policy
multinational corporations
national institutes
China’s 1 child policy
introduced in 1979
couples only allowed 1 child
prevented 400 million births
will lead to gender imbalance in 2030, 30 million more men than women
how did France mitigate population decline
offered cash incentives to mothers who stayed home to look after their children
pension schemes for mothers
childcare was made free, wealthy families could pay max of 500 a month for the ‘best healthcare’
Turkish economic migrants in Germany
1961, Germany signed labour recruitment agreement with Turkey
some workers stayed behind - started families
Turkish culture/food are widely known/consumed throughout Germany
London Docklands redevelopment
Docklands was experiencing population + employment decline
government created enterprise zone offering grants to attract investment
22,000 new houses built.
1000s of new jobs created.
Representation of place
Stats
pros + cons
Census data provides quantitative info about a place through graphs, charts and raw data
States can be manipulated in a subjective manner to make you think a certain way
Representation of place
maps
pros + cons
could be used to provide data for a specific place eg proportional circles
maps may be misleading eg may be outdated
Representation of place
films, pictures, art
pros + cons
photos tell you what a place looks like and feels can create a sense of place
photos are subjective and films are manipulated to fit the storyline
Representation of place
stories, music, poetry
pros + cons
they all evoke a sense of place from the composers view
information is subjective and could greatly contrast each other
how do governments influence representation of place
locally and nationally attract people/investment to places
how do corporate bodies influence representation of place
generate profit for a specific reason eg tourism
how do communities influence representation of place
improve the economy/lives of local people eg by holding food festivals
why did some parts of the UK need rural rebranding
rural areas could not maximise their income from their primary sector employment in the post-industrial economy
rural areas close to major cities are ideal for commuters and retired people- people move out of cities into rural areas
define near place
geographically close to where a person lives
define far place
geographically distant from where a person lives
where is Wembley located + vague function
located within the NW borough of London, Brent, England
residential and commercial use
where is Lerwick located + vague function
located on the east coast of the Shetland Islands, 200km north of the mainland
Main port town of the Shetland Islands
topography, function of Wembley
flat topography ideal for structures like the Wembley stadium and terraced housing
topography, function of Lerwick
hilly topography makes shorter buildings more feasible
located on the Bressay sound the harbour is ideal for trade, shipping and primary industries like fishing
Wembley Population Population growth Median age Gender M:F
102,856 (2011 census)
+2.5% 2011-17
32
52:47
Lerwick Population Population growth Median age Gender M:F
7326 (2011 census)
+0.2% 2011=17
41
51`;49
Culture in Wembley + 1 concern
culturally diverse compared to the national average
1 concern may be the 52% whose first language isn’t English, puts pressure on education system and communication is harder
Culture in Lerwick + 1 concern
less culturally diverse compared to Wembley, but very integrated within their local culture suggesting a strong sense of place
1 concern may be the lack of diversity, is it unappealing to younger gens - aids depopulation
