Topic 2- Interactionism and Labelling Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

what do labelling theorists argue about how someone becomes a criminal?

A
  • no act is inherently criminal
  • it only comes about when someone label it as criminal
  • it is not the nature of the act but society’s reaction
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2
Q

what does Becker argue about a deviant and how they get called that?

A
  • a deviant is someone who a label has been successfully applied
  • deviant behvaiour is behaviour that has been labelled
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3
Q

what are the 2 effects of creating laws according to Becker?

A
  • creation of outsiders- people who break new laws
  • creation of a social control agency like police or courts to enforce the rules
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4
Q

what is an example of a powerful group campainging for a change in law?

A
  • US federal Bureau of Narcotics
  • campainged successfully for the Marijuana Tax Act 1937
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5
Q

what are the 3 factors that affects who gets charged and convicted?

A
  • their interactions with agencies
  • their appearance and background
  • their situation and circumstance of the offence
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6
Q

What did Piliavin and Briar identify about police decisions to arrest a youth?

A
  • their decisions were based on physical cues like manner and dress
  • they made judgements about the youth’s character
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7
Q

who speaks about the negotiation of Justice?

A

cicourel

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8
Q

what is a typification and who has them?

A
  • stereotypes of what a typical delinquent is
  • police and courts
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9
Q

who fit the typifications police have?

A
  • working class
  • ethnic minorities
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10
Q

what is the negotiation of justice?

A
  • justice is not fixed and is negotiable
  • a middle class youth is less likely to be arrested because they are less likely to fit the typification
  • their parents are more likely to successfully negotiate on their behalf
  • so are more likely to be councelled, warned and released than working class
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11
Q

who distinguishes between primary and secondary deviance?

A
  • lemert
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12
Q

what is a moral entrepreneur?

A
  • people who lead a moral crusade to change the law
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13
Q

what is primary deviance?

A
  • deviant acts that not have been publically labelled
  • pointless to try to understand because it is widespread and uncaught
  • not organised and don’t become a habit
  • don’t think of themselves as deviant
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14
Q

what is secondary deviance?

A
  • result of social reaction (labelling)
  • being caught and publically labelled as deviant being stigmatised and shamed or excluded
  • develop a master status
  • results in a self fulfilling prophecy
  • cause them to act out the label and have a deviant career.
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15
Q

what is a master status?

A
  • every other status like mother, teacher gets overridden by the action e.g. thief
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16
Q

what is a deviant career?

A
  • the person who has been labelled has been shunned by their family
  • can’t gain work
  • turn to other outsiders for support which may be a deviant subculture
17
Q

what group did Young research about secondary deviance and deviant careers?

A

Hippy Marijuana Users in Notting Hill

18
Q

explain Young’s Hippy study

A
  • hippys used drugs but it wasnt part of their life and it didn’t define them and done in private (primary deviance)
  • then police persecuted and labelling hippies as drug users
  • saw themselves as outsiders
  • response was to retreat where they began a deviant subculture
  • drug use became central and got more attention from the police creating a SFP
  • the social contol that are meant to produce law abiding behaviour actually produced more crime
19
Q

what is deviance amplification?

A
  • a process in which the attempt to control deviance leads to an increase in the level of deviance
20
Q

what is moral panic?

A
  • a widespread fear that an evil person, group, or entity threatens a community or society.
21
Q

what can cause deviance amplification?

A
  • the press’ exaggeration and distortion of reporting
22
Q

what 2 types of shaming does Braithwaite identify?

A
  • disintegrative shaming
  • reintegrative shaming
23
Q

who identified disintegrative and reintegrative shaming?

A

Braithwaite

24
Q

what is disintegrative shaming?

A
  • the crime and criminal is labelled as bad and the offender is excluded from society
25
Q

what is reintegrative shaming?

A
  • labels the act but not the actor
25
Q

what is the positives of reintegrative shaming?

A
  • avoids stigmatizing
  • ecnourgaes others to forgive them and accept them back into society
  • makes it easier to separate the offender and the act
  • avoids pushing them into secondary deviance
  • crime rates tend to be lower in societies that use reintegrative shaming
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