Topic 2 Genome Maintenance: DNA replication Flashcards
Why does the DNA replication system in eukaryotic cells involve telomerase, whilst that in bacteria does not?
Because bacteria cells are circular, meaning they do not have chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells are linear and so they have telomerase to replicate chromosome ends.
What is the function of topoisomerases in bacteria?
It removes supercoiling from the DNA helix before replication breaks. Hence, it prevents tangling and releases tension that is generated by the duplex unwinding the DNA helix and uncoiling it.
Give a reason why DNA replication is important to the process of life on earth.
What proteins are involved in DNA?
What are the specific functions of the proteins?
DNA is a simple idea BUT a ———–process
Complex
What are the similarities in prokaryote and Eukaryote DNA replication?
What are the differences in prokaryote and Eukaryote DNA replication?
What are the 2 strands of DNA held together by?
Hydrogen-bonded pairs of complementary bases and arranged in a right-angled helix.
What is finally formed by DNA replication?
Two daughter double helices.
Since accuracy in replication is essential, what mechanism is needed?
A mechanism to remove and replace any mispaired bases to prevent spontaneous mutations.
Where and what is the promoter?
It is at the start of the gene. It is a region of DNA upstream of a gene where the proteins like RNA polymerase and transcription factors will bind to initiate a particular gene’s transcription.
What is the initiation of translation?
It is where the ribosome binds.
What are the 3 stages of prokaryotic transcription?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
