Topic 2 - functionalist are inequality Flashcards
Introduction?
Functionalist sociologists argue that inequality is necessary for society’s survival, viewing it as functional and beneficial. They compare society to a living organism, where all parts contribute to the whole, known as the organic analogy. Functionalists believe inequality helps maintain the balance of society, with the poor playing a role in this. They argue that to avoid poverty, individuals must work hard and compete for the best jobs, making inequality an incentive for effort.
Why do functionalist believe we have inequality?
Functionalists believe inequality exists to motivate the most talented individuals to work hard for the best rewards, a concept known as “meritocracy.” They argue that society is run by the most talented and motivated people for the benefit of all. Functionalism suggests that people are driven by rewards like wealth and high status, and those who fail to achieve the highest positions may lack ability, talent, or certain personal characteristics.
Social Darwinism?
Social Darwinism emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, applying Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest” to society. It suggested that the strongest individuals would become wealthy and powerful, while the weak should be controlled or punished. Some functionalists proposed a form of social Darwinism, and such ideas still influence certain parts of society today.
Davis-moore theory?
In 1945, Davis and Moore proposed that social inequality is necessary for society to function and develop. They argued that not all social positions are equally important, so rewards (pay and status) are used to encourage the most talented individuals to take on the most important roles. The best rewards go to the most crucial jobs, while less important positions are poorly rewarded, with pay and status reflecting a person’s value to society. However, this theory has been criticized by sociologists.
Criticisms of Davis moore theory?
The Davis-Moore theory has been criticized for being circular, as it argues that inequality is good because it exists, and then seeks evidence to justify its existence. It’s also difficult to assess the functional importance of jobs, as seen in the example where popular musicians earn more than doctors and nurses—questioning whether they are truly more valuable to society.
Can we really be certain that those at the top of society has their positions because of their talents?
The Davis-Moore theory overlooks the role of birth and wealth in determining social positions, assuming that people at the top are there purely due to talent. Some individuals do not seek wealth or status, and others have motives beyond money. Tumin (1953) criticized the theory, arguing it justifies the greed and selfishness of the wealthy, making them believe they are morally right. Marxists argue that social mobility is limited for the poor, regardless of talent, while feminists highlight that gender inequality is built into social structures. Functionalism, as a consensus theory, focuses on social cohesion and overlooks conflict, particularly regarding race and inequality.
