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organic chemistry > topic 2: families of carbon compounds > Flashcards

topic 2: families of carbon compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

what are hydrocarbons

A

only h and c

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2
Q

name the 4 kinds of hydrocarbons

A

alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
aromatics

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3
Q

what is an alkane

A

only single bonds between c atoms

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4
Q

what is an alkene

A

at least one carbon double bond

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5
Q

what is an alkyne

A

at least one carbon triple bond

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6
Q

what is an aromatic

A

special type of ring
*benzene

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7
Q

what are saturated compounds + name them

A

contain max number of h a c atom can possess
alkanes (single bonds)

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8
Q

what are unsaturated compounds + name them

A

contain fewer than max number of h a c atom can possess
alkenes, alkynes & aromatic hydrocarbons (multiple bonds)

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9
Q

what is the R symbol

A

represents any carbon with groups of atoms - placeholder

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10
Q

what is R equation for alkane

A

R-H

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11
Q

what is R equation for alkyl halide

A

R-X
X=halogen

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12
Q

what is R equation for alcohols

A

R-OH

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13
Q

what is an alkyl halide

A

halogen (group 7) replaces H atom in alkane

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14
Q

how to classify alkyl halides

A

c with halogen is attached to how many other c’s (max tertiary)

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15
Q

what are alcohols

A

hydroxyl OH group attached to an sp^3 hybridized carbon

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16
Q

how to classify alcohols

A

c with hydroxyl group attached to how many other carbons (max tertiary)

17
Q

what is a phenol

A

hydroxyl attached to a benzene ring

18
Q

what is an ether

A

oxygen bonded to 2 R groups (can be diff)

19
Q

what is an amine

A

replace H’s of ammonia (NH3) with r groups

20
Q

how to classify amines

A

how many R groups is the N attached to (max tertiary)

21
Q

what is a carbonyl group

A

carbon atom with double bond to oxygen

22
Q

what is an aldehyde

A

carbonyl bonded to 1 H and 1 C

23
Q

what is an exception for aldehydes

A

formaldehyde - cabonyl bonded to 2 H’s

24
Q

what is a ketone

A

carbonyl bonded to 2 C’s

25
Q

what is a carboxylic acid

A

carbonyl bonded to hydroxyl group

26
Q

what is an ester

A

carbonyl bonded to an alkoxyl group (-OR)

27
Q

what is an amide

A

carbonyl bonded to a nitrogen atom with H’s OR R groups

28
Q

what is a nitrile

A

carbon with 3 bonds to N

29
Q

what is R formula for nitriles

A

R(single b)C(triple b)N

30
Q

what is a phenyl group

A

benzene ring attached to other atom in a molecule

organic chemistry (2 decks)

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