Topic 2 Development Geography

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

The economic, social and political progress a country or people make.

Question 2

How can development be beneficial?

Answer 2

It must be sustainable(long-term and experienced by many people across society)

Question 3

GDP

Answer 3

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year

Question 4

Life expectancy

Answer 4

The average age to which a person lives

Question 5

Infant mortality rate

Answer 5

The number of babies, per 1000 live births, who die under the age of one

Question 6

Poverty line

Answer 6

The minimum level of income to meet a person’s basic needs(The World Bank considers this to be $1.25 a day)

Question 7

Dependency ratio

Answer 7

(The number of people too young(0-14) + number of people too old(over 65) to work)/working population(15-64) x 100

Question 8

Literacy rate

Answer 8

Percentage of adults who can read and write

Question 9

Maternal mortality

Answer 9

Number of mothers per 100000 who die in childbirth

Question 10

Access to safe drinking water

Answer 10

Percentage of population with access to improved water supply

Question 11

Corruption Perceptions Index

Answer 11

A measure of the level of government openness, scale from 10(honest) to 0(very corrupt)

Question 12

HDI(Human development index)

Answer 12

A score between 0-1 including a country’s health, wealth and education(life expectancy, GDP per person, literacy rate). A score of 1 is the best

Question 13

Population pyramids

Answer 13

They show the structure of a country’s
population in terms of gender and age.

Question 14

Causes of global inequalities

Answer 14

Physical environment-
Landlocked and mountainous countries with less access to the sea develop slower as trade is more difficult. Development is also more difficult in tropical countries than temperate latitudes as they experience more climate-related diseases.
History- Colonialism in the 18th and 19th century by European powers meant colonies were exploited for economic gain, but unequal trading relationships meant colonies received little benefit. Neo-colonialism shows how rich countries dominate poorer countries.
Political and economic policies - open economies like in the UK encourage foreign investment and develop faster than closed economies, like North Korea where imports and exports aren’t allowed. Investment creates jobs and funds infrastructure

Question 15

Development in a developed country

Answer 15

UK
Age structure(0-14): 16.01%
Infant mortality rate= 3.79 deaths per 1000 live births
Life expectancy - 82.05 years
Literacy rate-99%
School life expectancy - 17 years

Question 16

Development in an emerging country

Answer 16

India
Age structure(0-14):26.3%
Infant mortality rate= 39.5 deaths per 1000 live births
Life expectancy - 70 years
Literacy rate = 74.4%

Question 17

Development in a developing country

Answer 17

Malawi
Age structure(0-14): 38.54%
Infant mortality rate =
32.68 deaths per 1000 live births
Literacy rate = 67.3%
School life expectancy - 11 years

Question 18

Causes of poverty(Malawi)

Answer 18

Trade - Malawi earns less money from exports($1.3 billion) than imports($2.5 billion)
Corruption - Malawi is the 121st(out of 168) worst corruption, civil unrest and lack of investment to people’s education and health means wealthy countries are less tempted to give aid
Malawi is landlocked - no coastline to export/import goods, difficult to trade for economy

Question 19

Consequences of poverty

Answer 19

Social-
Fertility rate 5.10 babies per women, no investment in contraception for women(Malawi)
50% of the population don’t have access to clean water, dehydrated and unhygienic without sanitation(Malawi)
Economic-
About one in five of the world’s population live on less than £1 a day
Environmental-
Poor farming practices lead to environmental degradation, with raw materials exploited without caring for the environment and with a limited economic benefit in developing countries

Question 20

Population pyramids

Answer 20

Developing countries: High fertility rate, high birth and death rates, low life expectancy
High proportion of young people
Emerging countries:
Fertility rates and birth rates start to fall, life expectancy starts to increase
Higher proportion of working age people
Developed countries:
Low fertility, birth and death rates, high life expectancy

Higher proportion of old people

Question 21

Reason for population change

Answer 21

As countries develop, GDP per capita increases. This increased wealth means more money to spend on health, education and piped water supplies. Over time, birth/death rates, dependency ratios, fertility rates, infant mortality rates and maternal mortality rates all fall, but life expectancy,years of schooling and literacy rates all increase, so eventually populations age.

Question 23

Intermediate technology

Answer 23

Makes use of local materials which are cheap and easily available
Involves low-tech solutions to help local people which can easily be repaired should they break down
Intermediate technology uses cheap materials, which can be afforded by poor people in developing societies.

Question 24

How can economic development lead to water pollution

Answer 24

Industrial activity and the dispose of rubbish in rivers releases chemicals into local/water sources.