Topic 2: Development Dynamics Flashcards
What is GPD?
Gross Domestic Product
The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year it is usually given in us dollars
What is GDP per capita ?
The GDP divided by the population of a country. Its often gives it in us dollars and can be called GDP per head
What is GNI and GNI per capita?
Gross national income
The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year, including income from overseas
GNI per capita is the GNI divided by the population of a country
What is birth rate?
The number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year
What is the death rate?
The number death per thousand of population per year
What is fertility rate?
The average number of births per women
What is infant mortality rate?
The number of babies who die under 1 year old, per thousand babies born
What is maternal mortality rate?
The number of women who die due to pregnancy related problems per hundred thousand live births
What is doctor per 1000 of population?
The number of working doctors per thousand of the population
What is gini coefficient ?
A measure economic inequality. Countries are given score between 0 (equal) and 1 ( total inequality)
What is gender inequality index?
A number thats calculated using data on like womens education,access to jobs , political rights and health during pregnancy. The higher the score, the more inequality.
What is human development index?
HDI
This is the number thats calculated using life expectancy, education level and income per head. Every country has an HDI between 0 and 1
What is corruption perceptions index ?
CPI
A measure of the level of corruption that is believed to exist in the public sector on a scale of 1-100. The lower the score the lower the corruption .
What is economic?
It is the progress in the economic growth
What is social ?
Its the improvement in peoples standard living
What is political?
It is have a stable political system with institutions that can meet the needs of society.
What is developing countries?
Developing countries have higher fertility and birth rates because theres no use of contraception
The death rate is also high due to poor health care and life expectancy is low
What is emerging countries?
Emerging countries see their fertility rate fall rapidly as women have a more equal place in society and a better education
The use of contraceptions increases and more women work instead of having children
Health care improves so life expectancy increases
What is developed countries?
In developed countries fertility rated are low because people want possessions and a high quality of life snd may have dependant elderly relatives, so there is less money available for having more children
Health care is good, so the death rate is low and life expectancy is high
What is colonialism?
Countries that were colonised are often at a lower level of development when they gain independence than they would be if they had not been colonised
European countries colonised much of africa in the 19th century as they control the economies of their colonies.
What is rostows theory?
Rostows mordernisation theory predicts how countries level of economic development changes over time- it describes how a countrys economy changes from relying on mostly primary industry.
What are the consequences of global inequalities
Countries have a rough time trying to develop. And things dont look great if you dont make it off the bottom of the pile either. So this could lead other countries to be poor and others to be developed
How can global inequalites cause environmental problems?
Economic development leads to more consumption of food, water and energy as people get wealthier. This puts pressure on scarce resources and can threaten ecosystems
What are the 5 stages of rostows theory
- Traditional society - like farming, fishing and forestry
- Precautions for take-off - manufacturing starts to develop
- Take-off - Large scale industrialisation
- Drive to maturity- economy grows so people get wealthier
- Mass consumption- Goods are mass produced
What is Franks dependency theory?
This theory was made to explain why some countries are more developed than other
What is globalisation
Globalisation is a process of countries becoming more interigated
What is TNC
It stands for transnational corporations and they are companies the produce products,sell products or are locared in more than one country
How does TNC increase globalisation?
They increase globalisation by linking together countries through the production and sale of goods
How are governments increasing globalisation
Governments are increasing globalisation by promotion free trade. Competing with each other to attract investments and they hand over services and industries to private companies
How does globalisation benefit some countries more than others
It benefits other countries like china, india and more as they have large, cheap workforces, lots of cheap raw materials, available land , reasonable infrastructure and more
What are the advantages of NGO-led intermediate Technology
Project are designed to address the needs of people local where the projects are carried out
Projects are labour intensive
What are the disadvantages of NGO-led intermediate Technology
Projects are often small scale, so they may not benefit everyone
Different organisations may not work together so projects may be inefficent
What are the advantages of TNCs investment
TNC provide employment for local people
More companies mean a grater income from taxes for thr host country
Some TNCs run programmes to help development
What are the disadvantages of TNC investment
Some profit leave the host country
TNC may move around the country to take advantage of local tex breaks, leaving people jobless as companies move on
How has globalisation increased development?
More than 50% of indians now own mobile phone
India has 12 major ports and more than 20 international airports
How has government policy increased development?
In 1991, India got 2.2 billion dollars for an exchange for the government changing its economic policies
India has made primary education free, 96% of children are now enrol for school
How is development causing population change
Birth rates are high, death rates and infant mortality have fallen
The life expectancy has increased from 58 to 68
What is the pros of economic development for different groups of people?
All age groups have better health: old people living longer, low infant mortality rate
Higher education for younger students and have a better opporunity to achieve a better job
What is the cons of economic development for different groups of people
Rapid growth of industrialisation which mean more young people doing dangerous jobs
Less worker in the farm as the young people move to urban area
Children in rural area would cause a bad education for them
How does economic development have a impact on the environment
Industrialisation leads to more energy consumption and would also have an increase in demand of fossil fuels
More air pollution
Water pollution
How has Indias global influence increasing
India had a poor relationship with the US but now it has improved
The USA expects an increase trade, employment and economic growth
USA sees india as a huge market for renewable and nuclear energy
What are the costs to foreign influences on India
There is an increasing tension between India and china- both have rapidly growing economies
Developed nations are also concerned about losing economic power as India grows
What are the benifits to foreign influence on India
Improved relations mean India can cooperate with other countries on global issues such as climate change
