Topic 2: Development Dynamics Flashcards
Measuring Development
Different aspects
Economic- Progress in economic growth, e.g. wealth of a country. Its level of industrialisation and use of technology.
Social- Improvement in people’s standard of living, e.g. better health care and access to clean water.
Political- Having a stable political system with institutions that can meet the needs of society.
Measures of development
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)- The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year.
GDP per capita- The GDP divided by the population of a country (sometimes called GDP per head).
Human Development Index (HDI)- This is a number that’s calculated using life expectancy, education level (e.g. average number of years of schooling) and income per head. Every country has a HDI value between 0 (least developed) and 1 (most developed).
Countries can be classified based on their level of development.
Developed countries (UK)- Have ver high human development
Emerging countries (India)- Have medium to high human development.
Developing countries (Chad)- Have low human development.
Factors that affect how developed a country is.
Climate- really dry so fewer crops to sell.
Topography (shape of land)- Steep so won’t produce a lot of food.
Education- More skilled workforce so more goods to produce.
Health- Lack of clean water and poor health care meaning that many people will suffer from diseases e.g. malaria and cholera.
Rostow’s Theory
- Traditional society- Subsistence based e.g. farming, fishing and forestry. Little trade.
- Preconditions for take-off- Manufacturing starts to develop. Infrastructure is built, e.g. roads, power and networks. International trading begins.
- Take-off- Rapid, intensive growth. Large scale industrialisation. Increasing wealth.
- Drive to maturity- Economy grows so people get wealthier. Standards of living rise. Widespread use of technology.
- Mass consumption- Lots of trade. Goods are mass produced. People are wealthy, so there are high levels of consumption.
