Topic 2 - Concepts & Approaches Flashcards
_____ of ______ can be used for the examination of movement and for incorporating movement into a therapeutic intervention program.
Range of Motion
Joint structures, as well as the _________ and flexibility of soft tissues that cross over the joints, affect the amount of motion at the joint.
Integrity
Regional structures that are affected by _____ of ______ include:
- Muscles
- Joint surfaces
- Capsules
- Ligaments
- Fasciae
- Vessels
- Nerves
Range of Motion
Range of motion is usually measured with a __________ and mobility requires a __________ range of motion.
Goniometer
Functional
A type of range of motion that is the average based on many people.
Full/Normal Range of Motion
A type of range of motion representing what the patient can do with their own muscle.
Active Range of Motion
A type of range of motion representing what is anatomically possible for the patient based on their end range.
Passive/Anatomical Range of Motion
A type of range of motion representing what the patient needs in order to accomplish their ADLs.
Functional Range of Motion
_______ ROM is movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an external force.
Passive ROM (PROM)
Indications for _______ ROM include:
- Acute or inflamed tissue
- After injury or surgery
- Patient is unable or not supposed to actively move
- Comatose, paralyzed or complete bed rest
Passive ROM
Goals for _______ ROM include:
- Decrease cartilage degeneration, adhesions and contracture formation
- Improve poor circulation following immobilization
- Maintain joint and connective tissue mobility
- Decrease or inhibit pain
- Assist with the healing process
Passive ROM
Limitations with _______ ROM include:
- Does not prevent muscle atrophy
- Does not increase strength or endurance
- Does not assist circulation to the extent that active muscle contraction does
Passive ROM
______ ROM is movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced by active contraction of a muscle.
Active ROM (AROM)
_____-_________ ROM is active movement where assistance is provided manually or mechanically because the prime mover muscles need help to complete the motion.
Active-Assistive ROM (AAROM)
Indications for ______ ROM include:
- When the patient is able to contract the muscles actively
- When a segment of the body is immobilized, used to regions above and below to maintain normal conditions
- Relieves stress from sustained postures
Active ROM
_____-_________ ROM is used to gain control of the patient’s ROM, and progressively moves to ______ ROM.
Active-Assistive ROM
Active ROM
Goals for ______ ROM and _____-_________ ROM include:
- Maintain physiological elasticity and contractility of participating muscles
- Provide sensory feedback from the contracting muscles
- Provide stimulus for bone and joint tissue integrity
- Increase circulation and prevent thrombus formation
- Develop coordination and motor skills for functional activities
Active ROM
Active-Assistive ROM
T/F - AROM and AAROM goals are the same as PROM goals if there is no inflammation or contraindications present.
True
T/F - AROM can maintain or increase strength.
False - AROM CANNOT maintain or increase strength.
Fill in the blanks for the Range of Motion Progression Approach:
1) ______ to the surrounding joints/structures (above and below) to maintain integrity
2) ______ to the affected joint; to maintain and gain ROM
3) ______ to the affected joint; to maintain and gain control of existing ROM
4) ______ to the affected joint/structures; to maintain, gain and develop coordination control of existing ROM
5) ______ to the affected joint/structures; to maintain or increase strength (strengthening exercises)
1) AROM
2) PROM
3) AA ROM
4) AROM
5) AR ROM
T/F - ROM should not be done when motion is disruptive to the healing process.
True
Carefully __________ motion within the limits of pain-free motion during early phases of healing has been shown to benefit healing and early recovery.
Controlled
Signs of too much or the wrong motion include increased pain and ____________.
Inflammation
T/F - ROM should be done when patient response or the condition is life-threatening.
False - ROM should NOT be done when patient response or the condition is life-threatening.
_______ ROM may be carefully initiated to major joints and active ROM to ankles and feet to minimize venous stasis and thrombus formation.
Passive
After myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, ______ ROM of upper extremities and limited walking are usually tolerated under careful monitoring of symptoms.
Active
T/F - ROM is synonymous with stretching.
False - ROM is NOT synonymous with stretching.
When developing a ___________ ________ program that is efficient and effective, the following should be considered:
- Mobility
- Stability
- Controlled Mobility/Neuromuscular Control/Motor Control
- Skill
Therapeutic Exercise
The ability to perform active or passive movement of structures or segments of the body through a functional range of motion.
Mobility
The ability to provide a stable foundation from which to move.
Stability
The ability for synergists, agonists and antagonists to move within joints and between limbs following the optimal path of instant center of rotation (PICR). The ability to anticipate or response to proprioceptive and kinesthetic information.
Controlled Mobility (aka. Neuromuscular Control, Motor Control)
The interaction between sensory and motor systems working in correct sequence creates ___________ movement, which is a combination of stability and mobility.
Coordinated
The ability to maintain consistency in performing functional tasks with economy of effort.
Skill
In order to increase ________, some techniques we can do include:
- High grade joint mobilizations
- Muscle stripping
- PIR
- Stretching
- Fascial work
- Lymphatic drainage
- PROM
- METs
Mobility
Isometrics and self-tapotement can be prescribed to help increase _________.
Stability
In order to improve __________ ________, some exercises we can prescribe include:
- Isotonics
- AAROM
- AFROM
- ARROM
- Proprioception work
Controlled Mobility
To improve _____, the prescribed exerises should mimic the individual’s ADLs or match what they are training to do.
Skill
Used as a guideline on how to progress an exercise treatment plan with the ultimate goal being to get the individual to be functional. We will need to conduct a thorough assessment to identify what is necessary and what is of priority.
“The Performance Pyramid”
Mobility before ________, stability before ________, and movement before ________.
Stability
Movement
Strength
Where the ultimate goal is to help the patient return to ADLs through prescription of functional exercises.
Functional Progression
__________ exercises mimic everyday activities/tasks (ADLs). They teach muscle groups to work with other muscle groups, rather than isolating one muscle or one group of muscles. They are complex, multidirectional movements that require coordination with all muscles functioning as desired.
Functional
T/F - Compensation can lead to functional dysfunction.
True
