Topic 2: Climate

Question 1

What is weather?

Answer 1

Daily condition of atmosphere

Question 2

What is climate?

Answer 2

Average state of the atmosphere near the earth’s surface over a long span of time (20 to 50yrs).

Question 3

State the elements that influence the climate.

Answer 3

Temperature, Precipitation, Humidity, Air pressure, Wind movement, Wind direction, Geographical location (latitude, coastal or continental position), Physical setting (mountain, river)

Question 4

How does Latitude affect the climate of BD?

Answer 4

Presence of Tropic of Cancer indicates no snow fall in BD

Question 5

How does Distance From Sea affect the climate of BD?

Answer 5

Ctg feels less cold in winter compared to Rajshahi because of Bay of Bengal

Question 6

How does Wind Direction affect the climate of BD?

Answer 6

Monsoon wind is blowing from sea to land causing rain or land to sea with no rain in winter

Question 7

State Average temperature of BD.

Answer 7

Average temperature of BD is 16 to 27º C

Question 8

State Average rainfall of BD.

Answer 8

Average rainfall is 1000 to 3000 mm in bd compared to 100 mm in Sahara Desert

Question 9

How does the presence of mountains affect the climate of BD?

Answer 9

Cold wave from Siberia is blocked by Himalaya made snow on top of mountains

Question 10

What are the characteristics of tropical monsoon climate?

Answer 10

o	Two dry seasons with a low rainfall
o	Cool and dry (winter)
o	Hot and dry (summer)
o	Rainy season with very high rainfall
o	High annual temperature (about 26ºC)
o	Seasonal distribution of rainfall
o	High annual rainfall (more than 1800 mm)
o	High humidity

Question 11

State characteristics of different months of BD.

Answer 11

o Hottest- April
o Coldest- January
o Wettest- July
o Cyclones-April-May & September- December
o Thunderstorms- March-April & October-November

Question 12

State the 6 seasons of BD.

Answer 12

o	Summer (Grisma)
o	Rainy (Barsa)
o	Autumn (Sarat)
o	Late Autumn (Hemanta)
o	Winter (Shhit)
o	Spring (Basanta)

Question 13

What are 3 distinct broad seasons?

Answer 13

o Hot and dry pre-monsoon season (from March to May)
o Rainy monsoon season (June to October)
o Cool & dry winter season (November to February)

Question 14

State the characteristics of hot and dry pre-monsoon season.

Answer 14

 High temperature
 Occurrence of thunderstorms
 Rainfall is only 10%
 Hottest- April

Question 15

State the characteristics of rainy monsoon season.

Answer 15

	High humidity
	Long consecutive days of heavy rainfall
	Cloudy sky
	South to south-westerly winds
	Cyclone/Thunderstorm/Monsoon rainfall
	Rainfall is only 70% to 80%
	Wettest- July

Question 16

State the characteristics of cool & dry winter season.

Answer 16

	Low temperature
	Cool west or north-westerly winds
	Clear skies
	Low rainfall
	Cold wave/ foggy morning
	Coldest- January

Question 17

State what is meant by season.

Answer 17

Season is the climatic type, at any place associated with a particular time of the year.

Question 18

What is cyclone tract?

Answer 18

The predicted path for a cyclone.

Question 19

What is tidal inundation?

Answer 19

When the tide submerges the coast line

Question 20

What is storm surge?

Answer 20

A huge wave accompanied by wind which comes from sea. Storm surge is a factor to cause more destruction in coastal line.

Question 21

State the types of rainfalls.

Answer 21

o Monsoon
o Depression
o Thunderstorms
o Cyclones

Question 22

What is monsoon?

Answer 22

The word monsoon derived from Arabic word “mauism” which means season.

Question 23

How are winter monsoons formed?

Answer 23

 Land colder than sea
 Cold air causes high pressure system to be developed in the land
 Hot air causes low pressure system to be developed in the sea
 Wind blows form the land to the sea.

Question 24

How are summer monsoons formed?

Answer 24

 Land is warmer than sea
 Hot air causes low pressure system to be developed in the land
 Cold air causes high pressure system to be developed in the sea
 Wind blows from the sea to the land.

Question 25

What is depression?

Answer 25

A depression is a region of low atmospheric pressure.

Question 26

What is depression rainfall?

Answer 26

This is a localized rainfall that continues to occur where depression occurs.

Question 27

How are depression rainfalls formed?

Answer 27

1. Warm moist air of tropics meets cold dry polar air, produces warm front 2. Warm air being less dense rises & cools rapidly. 3. Condensation occurs, clouds are formed & rain falls. 4. Depressions may coincide with SW monsoon 5. Usually last 7-10 days

Question 28

What is a thunderstorm?

Answer 28

Thunderstorms are the tropical storm with thunder and lightning accompanied by heavy rain.

Question 29

How are thunderstorms formed?

Answer 29

1. Air near the ground heated up by the full day. 2. Warm moist air expands & raises rapidly 3. After crossing condensation levels, rising air cools. 4. Condenses into water vapour. 5. Forms cumulonimbus clouds. 6. A 'thunderhead' forms with rain, hail, thunder and lightning 7. Timing in Bangladesh: Mar-Apr and Oct-Nov (late monsoon).

Question 30

What is a cyclone?

Answer 30

Cyclone is a tropical storm or atmospheric turbulence involving circular motion of wind.

Question 31

State the factors needed to form cyclones.

Answer 31

1. Warm surface ocean waters to provide energy for the tropical storm. 2. Atmospheric moisture from sea water evaporation must combine with that heat and energy to form the powerful engine needed to propel a tropical storm 3. Finally, a wind pattern must be near the ocean surface to spiral air inwards. 4. Warm air- rises-cools-condenses-forms clouds- heavy rainfall

Question 32

What are the characteristics of cyclones?

Answer 32

o Strong winds blow in:  anticlockwise direction in Northern Hemisphere  clockwise direction in Southern Hemisphere o Bay of Bengal – ideal breeding ground for tropical cyclones o Most striking feature: Eye  Small & almost circular  Warmer than rest storm area  Winds are very light  Rain practically absent  Strongest heaviest rain occur just outside central eye

Question 33

How are cyclones formed?

Answer 33

1. Develop over warm seas when surface temperature is more than 27ºC. 2. Air above sea is heated. 3. Expands & rises very rapidly creating an area of intense low pressure. 4. Warm, moist air spirals upwards, condenses, forms clouds & rain. 5. Air from surrounding area spirals inwards to replace rising air. 6. Spinning air absorbs large amounts of moisture forming cumulonimbus clouds resulting in heavy rain. 7. Cold air sinks & center of cyclone is calm & known as ‘eye’.

Question 34

Why do cyclones cause maximum damage in Bangladesh?

Answer 34

o The low flat terrain o High density of population o Poorly built houses

Question 35

State the challenges of Cyclone Risk Reduction Strategies:

Answer 35

1. Limitations of cyclone early warning system 2. Inadequate number of cyclone shelters 3. Absence of cyclone resilient housing 4. Absence of social safety net 5. Lack of medical coverage

Question 36

State some recommendations to prevent cyclones.

Answer 36

1. Development of cyclone early warning system 2. Building adequate number of cyclone shelters 3. Capacity development of people living in the coastal areas 4. Cyclone resilient housing 5. Expansion of bio-shield 6. Development of cyclone contingency plan

Question 37

State some cyclone-prone areas.

Answer 37

``` o Khulna o Patuakhali o Barisal o Noakhali o Chittagong o Offshore islands of:  Bhola  Hatiya  Sandwip  Manpura  Kutubdia  Maheshkhali  Nijhum Dwip  Urir Char ```

Question 38

What is the importance of rainfall?

Answer 38

 Reduce intense heat of summer  Provide water for drinking and irrigation  Increase the water table etc