topic 2 : cells and control Flashcards
what is mitosis?
a type of cell division in which a diploid body cell copies itself and finally divides into two identical diploid daughter cells
when does mitosis occur?
when growth and repair is needed
what are the stages of mitosis?
1)interphase (optional) 2) prophase 3)metophase 4)anaphase 5) telophase 6)cytokenisis(optinal)
what is interphase?
DNA copies itself, ready for for mitosis.
what is prophase?
The DNA in chromosomes and their copies condenses to become more visible. The membrane around the nucleus disappears.
what is metophase?
chromosomes and their copies line up in the middle of the cell.
what is anaphase?
Chromosomes and their copies are pulled to different ends of the cell.
what is telophase?
New membranes form around the chromosomes at each end of the cell.
what is cytokenisis?
The cell membrane pinches in and eventually divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.
what are stem cells?
cells that have not undergone differentiation (unspecialised).
were are stem cells found?
brain,blood, heart, liver,bone marrow
where are stem cells in plants found?
occurs in regions called meristems.
why are stem cells beneficial for medicine?
as they can divide to produce new cells, which can then divide into different cell types. They therefore have the potential to be transplanted into patients to treat medical conditions and disease
