topic 2: cells and control Flashcards
adult stem cells
stem cells that can differentiate into a limited range of cell types, e.g. bone marrow stem cells
anaphase
the third stage of mitosis in which the chromatids re pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibres
asexual reproduction
a form of reproduction involving a single parent that creates genetically identical offspring
axon
a long fibre that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body
cancer
a non communicable disease caused by changes in the cell that lead to uncontrolled growth and division
cell cycle
a series of events that take place in a cell, involving cell growth, DNA replication and cell division
cell differentiation
the process by which an undifferentiated cell becomes specialised for its function
cell elongation
the process by which cells expand and enlarge, enabling the growth of a plant
central nervous system (CNS)
the brain and spinal chord
chromatid
one ‘arm’ of a replicated chromosome
chromosome
a long coiled molecule of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes
ct scans
an imagine technique that uses x-rays to create detailed images of internal organs
cytokinesis
the division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis to produce two new daughter cells
dendrites
short, branched extensions of dendrons that provides large surface area to receive nerve impulses from other neurones
dendron
branched extensions of a nerve cell that connect to other neurones and carry impulses towards the body
