Topic 2 - Cells and Control

Question 1

In human cells, what is a chromosome?

Answer 1

a structure found in nuclei, containing a DNA molecule

Question 2

What type of cell division forms two identical daughter cells?

Answer 2

mitosis

Question 3

In which stage of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?

Answer 3

interphase

Question 4

In which stage of the cell cycle, at the end of mitosis, does the one cell divide into two?

Answer 4

cytokinesis

Question 5

What term describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes?

Answer 5

diploid

Question 6

Where are plant meristems found?

Answer 6

tips of plant shoots and roots [also just inside bark of trees]

Question 7

What happens in a plant meristem?

Answer 7

Cells divide rapidly by mitosis as the plant grows

unspecialised/stem cells

Question 8

What happens during cell differentiation?

Answer 8

Cells develop special features that help them carry out a particular function.

Question 9

Why is cell differentiation important to plants and animals?

Answer 9

Specialised cells are more effective at carrying out different functions in the body.

Question 10

A root hair cell is a specialised cell. What is its function?

Answer 10

to absorb water and dissolved mineral salts from the soil

Question 11

How is a root hair cell specialised to carry out its function?

Answer 11

It has a long extension into the soil that increases the surface area for absorption

Question 12

Explain how one specialisation of a xylem vessel helps it carry out its function.

Answer 12

any one from: thickened wall to prevent collapse of tube/withstand pressure of water; no cell cytoplasm and lost cell walls to form long tubes through which water flows up the plant; small holes in thick cell wall so water can pass into and out of the vessel from surrounding cells

Question 13

Name one feature, other than mass, that could be measured to show growth in a plant.

Answer 13

any suitable measure that will show change over time, such as: height, tree girth, leaf area, number of leaves

Question 14

Name the type of cell division that cells use to make identical copies of themselves.

Answer 14

mitosis

Question 15

What type of cell has the ability to differentiate into specialised cells?

Answer 15

stem cell

Question 16

In what organ system would you find nerve cells?

Answer 16

the nervous system

Question 17

Are nerve cells diploid or haploid?

Answer 17

diploid

Question 18

What part of a nerve cell contains chromosomes?

Answer 18

nucleus

Question 19

What part of a nerve cell makes proteins?

Answer 19

ribosomes

Question 20

Nerve cells require a lot of energy. What cell structure would you expect them to have a lot of?

Answer 20

mitochondria

Question 21

What is a nerve cell specialised to do?

Answer 21

carry electrical signals/impulses

Question 22

List your senses.

Answer 22

touch, hearing, sight, taste, smell, balance, temperature and plenty of others

Question 23

State the name of one organ in the nervous system.

Answer 23

brain, spinal cord or nerves or a named sense organ

Question 24

Triple Only- What type of cells is the brain mainly made up of?

Answer 24

neurones, nerve cells

Question 25

Triple Only-What part of the brain controls our senses and emotions?

Answer 25

cerebral cortex)

Question 26

Triple Only-State one thing that the cerebellum controls.

Answer 26

balance, posture or fine motor movements)

Question 27

Triple Only-Where is the medulla oblongata in relation to the spinal cord?

Answer 27

at the top of the spinal cord

Question 28

Triple Only-What part of the brain controls the rate of the heart?

Answer 28

medulla oblongata

Question 29

Triple Only-What part of the brain stores our memories?

Answer 29

cerebral cortex

Question 30

Triple Only-Apart from bundles of neurones, what else does a nerve contain?

Answer 30

blood vessels

Question 31

Triple Only-What name is given to an electrical signal transmitted by a neurone?

Answer 31

impulse

Question 32

Triple Only-What part of the brain controls the rate of breathing?

Answer 32

medulla oblongata

Question 33

Triple Only-Which cerebral hemisphere receives information from the right eye?

Answer 33

left

Question 34

What type of cells detect stimuli?

Answer 34

receptor cells

Question 35

In which sense organ would you find receptor cells that detect light waves?

Answer 35

eye

Question 36

What are the electrical signals used in the nervous system called?

Answer 36

impulse

Question 37

List, in order, the organs that an impulse goes through from the hand to the brain.

Answer 37

nerve(s), spinal cord

Question 38

What are the two long ‘arms’ of a sensory neurone called?

Answer 38

dendron and axon

Question 39

List, in order, the parts of a sensory neurone that an impulse goes through.

Answer 39

dendrite, dendron, axon, axon terminal

Question 40

Why are sensory neurones so long?

Answer 40

to carry impulses quickly over long distances

Question 41

What is the name of the fatty sheath that surrounds dendrons and axons?

Answer 41

myelin sheath

Question 42

What does the myelin sheath do?

Answer 42

speeds up transmission of impulses, insulates neurones from each other

Question 43

Where in the eye are receptor cells for light found?

Answer 43

retina