Topic 2 cells Flashcards
What is a Eukaryotic cell
A cell with a distinct nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
e.g animal, plant, algae, fungae
What is the nuclear envelope
A double membrane that controls movement in and out .
What is chromatin
DNA wrapped around protein called histones
What does a nuclear pore do
Allows for the passage of large molecules such as mRNA
What is a nucleolus
It manufactures rRNA and assembles ribosomes
What is nucleoplasm
A granular jelly like material
What is an endoplasmic reticulum
A structure of membranes that continues from the nuclear envelope.
Why does the RER have ribosomes on its surface.
To provide a large surface area for synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins.
What does the RER do
Synthesises proteins and provides a pathway for transport throughout the cell
What does the SER do
synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbs
What does the golgi do
Modifies proteins and lipids before transporting them via vesicles.
Makes glycoproteins and produces secretory enzymes, secretes carbs and forms lysosomes
What are lysosomes
.They contain enzymes and lysozymes
.They breakdown cells after their death
.Digest worn out organelles
.Release enzymes outside the cell
.and hydrolyse materials within the cell
What is the mitochondria
Site of respiration
It has a double membrane that controls entry and exit . And cristae to increase surface area.
What does the matrix of a mitochondria do
Contain proteins , lipids, DNA, And enzymes
What is a ribosome
The site of protein synthesis.
Found in the RER or cytoplasm .
Made of large and small subunits .
What does the cell surface membrane do
Controls what enters and exits the cell
And it has receptor cells that allow it to respond to chemicals
such as hormones
What is a chloroplast
The cite of photosynthesis.
Has a highly selective double membrane.
What is a thylakoid
A disc within a chloroplast which contains chlorophyll .
Stacks of thylakoids (Grana) provide larger surface area.
What is a Stroma
The fluid matrix within a chloroplast that contains a lot of enzymes.
What is a vacuole
A fluid sack bound by a tonoplast that contains mineral salts, sugars, amino acids, waste, and pigments.
What does a vacuole do
It makes a cell turgid and can act as a temporary food store
What does the cell wall do
Provides mechanical support to prevent the cell from bursting.
allows water to pass along it contributing to movement of water through a plant.
What makes up the plant cell wall
Cellulose
What makes up the fungi cell wall
Chtin
