Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL1412 > Topic 2 Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Topic 2 Cell Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are some types of extracellular molecules that receptor proteins can bind?

A

Hormones, neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ligand

A

Molecules that bind to a receiving proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the steps of glucose uptake in terms of receptor proteins

A

1- insulin binds to receptor on skel.muscle or adipose tissue
2- triggers movement of more glucose transporters to cell membrane
3-increase in glucose movement from blood into cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Membrane proteins: enzymes

A

Control chemical reactions on outer or inner surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 2 enzymes

A

1-acetylcholinesterase- breaks down Ach
2-Na+/K+-ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Membrane proteins: Linker proteins

A

Anchor cell membrane to cytoskeleton or an adjacent cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do junctional proteins between cells form?

A

Desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do linker proteins anchor in the ECF?

A

Through extra cellular fibres that are usually glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Membrane proteins: identifying proteins

A

Example: Major Histocompatibility Complex proteins identify cell as part of the body and foreign. They’re present in all cells except rbcs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Membrane carbohydrates function

A

Allow cells to recognize type- sperm recognizes egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Membrane carbohydrates are

A

Glycoproteins and glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Transport proteins includes

A

Channels and carrier proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Channels

A

Selectively permit channel-mediated facilitated diffusion of specific ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gated channels open and close how?

A

In response to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Non-gated channels are also called what?

A

Leakage channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carrier protein function

A

Bind solute and carry it across membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of transport happens with carrier proteins

A

Active transport and facilitated transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s an example of a carrier protein

A

Glucose transporters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Continuous layer across membrane that is a barrier to water soluble molecules and not to small or lipid soluble molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Membrane transport is?

A

The movement of material between the intra and extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Solute

A

Substance dissolved in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Solvent

A

Substance solute is dissolved in-> water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the types of transport

A

Passive transport and Active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Does passive transport require energy?

A

No it doesn’t require ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Passive transport moves down its concentration gradient, in other terms?

A

It moves from high to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the types of Passive transport

A

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, facilitated transport and Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which type of passive transport involves the movement of a solvent?

A

Osmosis

28
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Small lipid soluble (O2 and CO2) molecules cross through cell membrane bilayer

29
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Ions diffuse through membrane through protein channels

30
Q

Facilitated transport

A

Large charged or water soluble molecules move across membrane with the help of carrier proteins

31
Q

What’s an example of facilitated transport

A

Glucose uptake into liver or skeletal muscle cells

32
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of H2O across a semipermeable membrane

33
Q

In osmosis, water move where?

A

Down its concentration gradient via pores or directly across the membrane layer

34
Q

Dilute solution

A

High H2O and low solute

35
Q

Concentrated solution

A

Low H2O and high solute

36
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Pressure that must be applied to prevent movement of H2O from pure H2O solution across a semipermeable into another solution

37
Q

If S2 has high salt concentration then H2O will move into it why?

A

Because s2 has low H2O concentration and H2O moves from high concentration low concentration

38
Q

The greater the salt in a solution the greater the osmotic pressure that is?

A

Required to stop the water in S1 from moving into S2

39
Q

What happens when S2 is also pure water

A

No P required to prevent H2O movement so OP=0

40
Q

Tonicity depends on

A

Solute concentration and permeability of cell membrane to the solute

41
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Cell neither swells no shrinks

42
Q

In a red blood cell what is the solute concentration in ICF

A

0.9% saline NACL solution

43
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Cell swells and ECF has higher H2O concentration (so lower OP) than ICF.

44
Q

Lysis

A

Swelling of cell in a hypotonic solution causes rupture

45
Q

Hemolysis

A

Lysis of a red blood cell

46
Q

Hypertopic solution

A

Cell shrinks due to H2O loss

47
Q

Why does cell shrink in a hypertonic solution

A

Because if the ECF has lower H2O concentration and the ICF has higher water will move from high to low concentration

48
Q

When is hypertonic solution used in medicine

A

To reduce brain edema (swelling) by injecting 10% sucrose solution will draw water into blood from tissues

49
Q

What are the major body fluids ?

A
  1. Extracellular fluids such as blood plasma
    2.Interstitial fluid
    3.Intracellular fluid
50
Q

Give an example of how osmosis regulates the concentration of a solute in our body in order to maintain body fluids within a narrow limit to prevent cells from dying?

A

When body loses water (such as sweat) the blood concentration will increase. Blood has higher OP cause blood is also a solute so when solute increases so does OP. Fluid will move from tissue into blood. The response will be thirst and a decrease in renal H2O which leads to decreased urine production.

51
Q

What is bulk flow?

A

Movement of solvent + solutes due to hydrostatic pressure gradient

52
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

P of a fluid pressing against surface e.g. cell membrane, blood vessel wall (=blood pressure)

53
Q

Give an example of hydrostatic pressure in the body

A

e.g: capillary
-> if blood has higher pressure than ISF, fluid flows out of capillary= filtration
-> if ISF has higher pressure than blood, fluid flows from ISF into capillary = absorption

54
Q

What are the active processes?

A

Active transport and vesicular transport

55
Q

What’s active transport

A

Substances move against concentration gradient (low to high) and it is always protein carrier-mediated

56
Q

What are the types of active transport

A

1-primary active transport
2-secondary active transport

57
Q

Primary active transport

A

They are molecular pumps, ATP breakdown is a direct part of the transport process
So one protein breaks down ATP and also transports the solute

58
Q

What’s an example of primary active transport

A

Na+/K+-ATPase that pumps 3Na+ out of the cell and 2K+ in per ATP

59
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Co transport- meaning 2 proteins are involved and the use of ATP for the transport is indirect

60
Q

Example of secondary active transport

A

Glucose entry at small intestine- two steps
1- Na+ gradient established by Na+/K+-ATPase
2- glucose & Na+ both must bind to carrier and are cotransported into cell

61
Q

Vesicular transport

A

Substance is surround by a membrane within the cell (vesicle)

62
Q

Types of vesicular transport

A

1- endocytosis movement into a cell
2-exocytosis movement out of cell

63
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Large items into cell ( bacteria ) = cell eating

64
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Fluids and dissolved substances = cell drinking

65
Q

Exocytosis

A

Vesicles containing hormone, enzymes, nt
They tissue with cell membrane releasing contents into ECF- triggered by a rise of cytosolic Ca++

BIOL1412 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions