Topic 2 - Bonding, Sturcture And Properties Of Matter Flashcards
What makes an ion
This is when electrons are transferred - both lost and gained
What are atoms with full outer shells naturally
The noble gases (group 0)
How metals and non metals from ions/what ions do they make
Hint: differently
Metals almost always lose electrons to create positive ions
Non metals always gain electrons to make negative ions
What elements are the most ready to form ions?
Group 1, 2,6 and 7
What do elements in the same group have in common when forming ions
They have the same amount of outer electrons, so they lose the same amount or gain the same amount. So they also have the same charges
Describe ionic bonding
Metal and non metal
Metal loses electrons
Non - metals gain electrons
Strongly attracted by electrostatic forces as oppositely charged
What makes the ionic bond stay together
As the metal and non metal’s become oppositely charged they have a strong electrostatic force
How is ionic bonding represented
Dot and cross diagrams
Not sharing, but switching the electrons around
Try and draw all the shells
What structure do ionic compounds have
It is called giant ionic lattice
Describe boiling and melting points of ionic compounds
High boiling and melting points
What holds ionic compounds together
The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions
What is a empirical formula
The symbol equation
E.g
K2O
Electrical conductivity of ionic compounds
When solid - held in place so no
When liquid (when they melt) - ions are free to move so can carry electrical current
Also when in an aqueous solution - ions are free to move in the solution, so they can carry electric currents
Factors of covalent bonding
Non - metal atoms bond together by sharing electrons to make covalent bonds
Why are covalent bonds strong
Electrostatic bonds from positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms
They are very strong