Topic 2- Bonding Structure And The Properties Of Matter

Question 1

Ionic

Answer 1

Opposite charged ions
Metal + non metal
Charge of ion relates to group number
Giant structure = lattice
Strong electrostatic forces

Question 2

Covalent

Answer 2

Share electrons
Non metal + non metal
Strong bonds
Small molecules

Question 3

Giant covalent

Answer 3

Diamond = carbon
Graphite = carbon
Silicon dioxide = silicon + oxygen

Question 4

Metallic

Answer 4

Share delocalised electrons
Metal + metal
Giant structure in regular patterns
Strong bonds

Question 5

The three states

Answer 5

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 6

Melting point

Answer 6

Temperature a substance melts or freezes

Question 7

Boiling point

Answer 7

Temperature a substance boils or condenses

Question 8

Change in states

Answer 8

Amount of energy needed depend on strength of forces between particles
Stronger forces = more energy needed to change state

Question 9

State symbols

Answer 9

Solids = (s)
Liquid = (l)
Gas = (g)
Aqueous = (aq)

Question 10

Ionic compounds

Answer 10

Regular structure
Electrostatic forces of attraction between charged ions
High melting point
Conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted

Question 11

Covalent molecules

Answer 11

Usually gases or liquids
Low melting point
Weak intermolecular forces
Larger the molecules = stronger the forces

Question 12

Polymers

Answer 12

Large molecules
Strong covalent bonds
Intermolecular forces relatively strong
Solid at room temperature

Question 13

Giant covalent structures

Answer 13

Solids
High melting points
Strong covalent bonds

Question 14

Metallic structures

Answer 14

Strong metallic bonds
Nigh melting points
Pure metals = layers+ can be bent and shaped
Alloys = mixture of metals = stronger

Question 15

Metals

Answer 15

Good conducteurs of electricity and thermal energy
Delocalised electrons carry charge

Question 16

Diamond

Answer 16

Each carbon forms 4 covalent bonds
Giant covalent structure
Hard
High melting point
Doesn’t conduct electricity

Question 17

Graphite

Answer 17

Each carbon forms 3 covalent bonds
Forms layers of hexagonal rings
No covalent bonds between layers
Some delocalised electrons

Question 18

Graphene

Answer 18

One layer of graphite
Useful in electronics and composites

Question 19

Fullerenes

Answer 19

Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes
Based on hexagonal rings of carbon
First fullerene discovered = buckminsterfullerene

Question 20

Carbon nanotubes

Answer 20

Cylindrical fullerenes
Very high length to diameter ratio
Useful for nanotechnology electronics and materials

Question 21

Nanoscience

Answer 21

Structures between 1-100nm in size

Question 22

Nanoparticles

Answer 22

Smaller than fine particles
Diameters between 100-2500nm
May have different properties from those from the same material
Smaller quantities needed to be effective
Used in medicine, electronics, cosmetics, deodorants and as catalysts

Question 23

Coarse particles

Answer 23

Diameter between 110^5-2.510^6
Often refer to as dust

Question 24

Surface area : volume

Answer 24

As the side of a cube decreases by a factor of 10 the surface area to volume ratio increase by a factor of 10