Topic 2 - Bonding And Structure Flashcards
What is ionic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is meant by the term covalent bond
The electrostatic force of attraction between two nuclei and a shared pair of electrons between them
What is meant by the term dative bond
The electrostatic force of attraction of two nuclei for a shared pair of electrons, both of the pair coming from one of the atoms forming the bond
Which is negative - the cathode or the anode
The cathode
Which two types of ions make up a covalent bond
A metal and a non metal
What are allotropes
Different forms of the same element that exist in the same physical state
What is electronegativity
A numerical measure of the power of an atom to attract a pair of electrons in a covalent bond in a molecule
What is the most electronegative element
Fluorine
What is the least electronegative element
Francium
What does polarising power depend on
The size and the charge of the cation (+) - small size, high charge = more polarising
What does polarisability depend on
The size on the anion (-) - large anion = more polarisable
What is covalent character
How covalent the bonds are - the greater the degree of polarisability, the more covalent character
What are the 4 types of intermolecular forces
Permanent dipole - permanent dipole, permanent dipole - induced dipole, London dispersion forces (instantaneous dipole - induced dipole) and hydrogen bonds
What is a hydrogen bond
The electrostatic force of attraction between the poorly shielded proton of a hydrogen atom bonded to a small highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine, and a lone pair of electrons on a N, O or F atom on a neighbouring molecule
