Topic 2 - Bonding

Question 1

What does an ionic bond form between?

Answer 1

metal and non-metal

Question 2

What does a covaltent bond form between?

Answer 2

non-metal and non-metal

Question 3

What does a metallic bond form between?

Answer 3

metal and metal

Question 4

How does an ionic bond form?

Answer 4

The metal loses electrons to become a positively charged ion, the non-metal gains electrons to become a negatively charged ion

Question 5

How does a covalent bond form?

Answer 5

non-metals share pairs of electrons to gain full outer shells

Question 6

How does a metallic bond form?

Answer 6

Metals lose their outer shell elctrons into a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 7

Elements in group 0 will form ions with what charge?

Answer 7

Group 0 don’t form ions because they already have a full outer shell

Question 8

When are elements stable?

Answer 8

When they have a full outer shell of electrons

Question 9

In ionic bonding, how are ions held together?

Answer 9

Electrostatic forces of attraction

Question 10

Explain how Calcium Oxide forms. Remember Calcium is in gorup 2 and Oxygen is in group 6

Answer 10

Calcium loses electrons becoming a positive ion and Oxygen gains electrons becoming a negative ion

Question 11

Do ionic compounds have high or low melting points?

Answer 11

Ionic compounds have high melting points

Question 12

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Answer 12

Ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction

Question 13

How are ions arranged in an ionic compound?

Answer 13

Giant ionic lattice

Question 14

Can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 14

Yes but only when molten or dissolved in water

Question 15

Why can ionic bonds only conduct electricity when molten or in a solution?

Answer 15

When solid, the ions in an ionic compounds can’t move. When molten or in solution th ions are free to move

Question 16

Define the term: dissociate

Answer 16

To separate into separate ions. We talk about dissociation in terms of ions in ionic compounds dissociating when in a solution

Question 17

True or False: All simple covalent molecular substances are insoluble in water

Answer 17

False, Some simple molecular substances are soluble and some are insoluble

Question 18

Is a covalent bond strong?

Answer 18

A single covalent bond is very strong. It is extremely hard to try and bbreak a bond where they are sharing electrons.

Question 19

Why don’t simple molecular substances conduct electricity?

Answer 19

There is no charged ions and there is no free electrons that can move to carry electricity

Question 20

Why do simple molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?

Answer 20

Simple molecular substances have low melting and boiling points because there was weak intermolecular force of attraction between moleculs that can easily be broken.

Question 21

H2 and CH4 are both covalent compounds. Which would have the highest boiling point?

Answer 21

CH4 would have the highest boiling point. The larger the molecule the stonger the intermolecular forces, meaning the more energy needed to break them.

Question 22

Define the term: allotrope

Answer 22

Different forms of the same element, for example diamond and graphite are both made from carbon

Question 23

What element is graphite made from?

Answer 23

Carbon

Question 24

What element is damond made from?

Answer 24

Carbon

Question 25

What is the structure of diamond?

Answer 25

Diamong is a tetraheadral structure, where each carbon is covalently bonded to 4 other carbons

Question 26

What is the structure of graphite?

Answer 26

Graphite is layers of graphene sheets, with forces acting between the sheets. Each carbon is bonded to 3 other carbon atoms in a hexagonal structure

Question 27

What is the difference between graphite and graphene?

Answer 27

Graphene is a single layer of hexagonal lattice structure, where a carbon is bonded to 3 other carbons. Graphite, is layers of graphene sheets

Question 28

Can diamond conduct electricity?

Answer 28

No. There are no free electrons in diamond

Question 29

Can graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 29

Yes. There are free electrons that can move throughout the structure

Question 30

Why do giant covalent substances have high melting points?

Answer 30

They have high melting points because of the strong covalent bonds between the atoms

Question 31

Explain how the structure and bonding of graphite makes it a suitable material for lubricants.

Answer 31

Graphite has a layered structure, with only weak forces of attraction between the layers. The layers can break away from each other, makng graphite soft and slippery

Question 32

Describe the structure of fullerenes

Answer 32

Fullerenes are molecules of carbon, shaped likeclosed tubes or hollow balls. They have a huge surface area, so many catalyst molecules could be attached to each fullerene

Question 33

Why is graphite used for electrodes?

Answer 33

Graphite has the ability to conduct electricity due to the free electrons. Carbon is also unreactive which makes it safer to use in electrodes

Question 34

Where on the periodic table are metals found?

Answer 34

Towards the left of the periodic table

Question 35

Describe the bonding in a metal

Answer 35

The bonding in a metal consists of strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons.

Question 36

Explain why metlas can conduct electricity

Answer 36

The have delocalised electrons that can pass through the structure

Question 37

Explain why metlas can conduct heat

Answer 37

The have delocalised electrons that can pass through the structure

Question 38

Explain why metals are malleable and ductile

Answer 38

Mtels have a layered structure. The layers can slide across each other, meaning when a pressure is applied the layers move.

Question 39

Explain why metals have a high melting and boiling point

Answer 39

Metals ions and the delocalised elctrons are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction. The electrostatic forces need a large amount of energy to be overcome

Question 40

Define the term: Alloy

Answer 40

An allow is a mixture of metals or a mixture containing at least one metal.

Question 41

Why are alloys stonger than pure metals?

Answer 41

An alloy has more than one type of atom. The atoms are different sizes, which makes it harder for the layers to pass over each other

Question 42

What type of ions do metals form?

Answer 42

Metals always form positive ions

Question 43

What type of ions do non-metals form?

Answer 43

Non-metals always form negative ions