Topic 2 (argumentation and fallacies)

Question 1

The form of an argument

Answer 1

Antecedent
Consequent

Question 2

When is an argument valid?

Answer 2

When all premises are true
When the conclusion follows from the premises

Question 3

Example of an argument using antecedent (p)/consequent (q)

Answer 3

if it’s a dog (antecedent, p), then it barks (consequent, q)

Question 4

Syllogism

Answer 4

a model of reasoning based on the idea of deduction, consisting of two premises that generate a conclusion.

Question 5

Types of syllogism

Answer 5

Conditional
Disjunctive
Dilemma

Question 6

Conditional syllogism

Answer 6

syllogism that never affirms or denies the premises

Question 7

Disjunctive syllogism

Answer 7

syllogism formed by a premise that presents itself as an alternative

Question 8

Dilemma syllogism

Answer 8

argumentative syllogism where two possible hypotheses are presented, none of which is desirable

Question 9

Conditional syllogism pattern and example

Answer 9

1. if p, then q.
2. P.
3. therefore, q.
   ex.
4. If Theo is a cat (p), then he meows (q).
   2.Theo is a cat.
5. Therefore, Theo meows.

Question 10

Disjunctive syllogism pattern and example

Answer 10

1. Either p, or q.
2. P.
3. therefore, not q is not the case.
   ex.
4. Either i think (p), or i feel (q).
5. I think
6. therefore, i do not feel.

Question 11

Dilemma syllogism pattern and example

Answer 11

1. Either p or q.
2. If p, then r, If q, then r.
3. therefore, in one way or another, r
   ex.
4. Either i restore the tooth, or i extract the tooth.
5. If i restore it, it hurts, If i extract it, it hurts.
6. therefore, either option it still hurts

Question 12

Fallacies

Answer 12

An argument that when reasons given, appear to support the conclusion but in reality, do not.