Topic 2 - Abdominopelvic Region Flashcards
A very important and complex region from both a biomechanical and systemic standpoint that connects the pelvis and thorax.
Abdominopelvic Region
Three long levers (the spine and both lower limbs) connect and create motion in the ______________ region, and this is where a high amount of load converges.
Abdominopelvic
T/F - The abdominopelvic region requires a high degree of stability in multiple planes of motion.
True
The __________ joint, though not highly mobile, has a very important role of allowing for opposing motion between the sacrum and innominate bones/lower limbs during gait.
Sacroiliac
The sacroiliac joint allows for __________ of the forces created by the high load and three long levers in this region.
Disperison
Factors that contribute to ___ of movement at the sacroiliac joint include:
- Muscular imbalance
- Myofascial tension
- Muscle weakness (lack of force closure)
Lack
If there is lack of movement at the sacroiliac joint, we can start to see increased loading of the ______ spine, and therefore facet joint irritation, disc herniation, spinal nerve compression and ____________.
Lumbar
Degeneration
Name the 5 muscles/structures of the core musculature.
- Deep portion of quadratus lumborum
- Transversus abdominus
- Multifidi
- Pelvic floor
- Diaphragm
The following muscles are additional ___________ stabilizers to the core musculature:
- Gluteus medius and minimus
- Deep lateral rotators
- Iliopsoas
- Internal and external obliques
Lumbopelvic
T/F - In order to achieve proper lumbopelvic stability, we only require strength in the core musculature.
False - In order to achieve proper lumbopelvic stability, we require BOTH strength in the core musculature, AS WELL AS PROPER JOINT MECHANICS.
Lumbopelvic stability requires the hip joints and thoracic spine to achieve adequate ROM, particularly in _________ and rotation, in order to spare the ______ spine from excessive loading.
Extension
Lumbar
Adequate ____ mobility can also contribute to a pelvic position that facilitates a proper length-tension relationship for the abdominal and _________ chain musculature.
Hip
Posterior
Proper rib mechanics are required for _________ function and _____ engagement. When combined with a mobile lumbar spine, this can provide _________ in all ranges and throughout functional motion.
Diaphragm
Core
Stability
From a systemic standpoint, the abdominopelvic region houses _______, which are covered with and connected by ______.
Viscera
Fascia
T/F - Any pathology of the viscera or surgery in the abdominopelvic region can affect the musculoskeletal system.
True
Some ______________ pathologies/surgeries that can affect the musculoskeletal system include:
- Constipation
- Inflammatory bowel/reproductive conditions
- Fibroids
- Cesarean section/other surgical scars
Abdominopelvic
Abdominopelvic dysfunction often presents as ___ back, pelvic or __________ joint pain.
Low
Sacroiliac
Indicators of ________ referred pain would be the pain is not getting better and it is difficult to recreate.
Visceral
Slow, difficult or infrequent movement of feces through the bowel, resulting in hard stools.
Constipation
T/F - Generally constipation is medically defined as fewer than 2 stools per week, however bowel patterns differ among individuals and abnormalities are relative to the individuals’ normal pattern.
False - Generally, constipation is medically defined as FEWER THAN 3 stools per week, however bowel patterns differ among individuals and abnormalities are relative to the individuals’ normal pattern.
A type of constipation in which there is no underlying medical condition and can usually be managed with self-help measures. The bowel is healthy but not working properly.
Functional Constipation
Functional constipation is accompanied by colonic _______ and delayed _______.
Inertia
Transit
__________ constipation can be linked to stress, poor diet, dehydration and sedentary lifestyle.
Functional
_______ constipation can be caused by several conditions including:
- Colonic disorders (e.g. IBS)
- Pelvic floor dysfunction
Chronic
T/F - Symptoms must be present for more than approximately 3 months to be considered chronic constipation.
True
Causes of _________ constipation include:
- Colon cancer
- Endocrine conditions (e.g. diabetes mellitus, underactive thyroid gland)
- Medications (e.g. opiates, CNS depressants)
- Neurological diseases (e.g. Parkinson’s disease, MS)
Secondary
Retention of hard or putty-like stools in the rectum that interferes with normal passage of feces. It can be masked by diarrhea pushing past it.
Fecal Impaction
Fecal impaction is typically associated with _______ constipation and is usually accompanied by pain and abdominal __________.
Chronic
Distension
Fill in the blanks for the digestive system pathway:
Digested food > esophagus > _______ > small intestine (jejunum-ileum) > _________ valve > ascending colon > hepatic flexure > __________ colon > splenic flexure > descending colon > _______ colon > internal sphincter > ______ > external sphincter and anus
Stomach
Ileocecal
Transverse
Sigmoid
Rectum
Wave-like contractions of the gastrointestinal tract that move the contents through the system.
Peristalsis
If an abnormal amount of ___________ is occurring, this results in an inordinate amount of time available for the __________ of water by the large intestine.
Peristalsis
Absorption
T/F - Abnormal amounts of peristalsis can potential lead to diarrhea, but not constipation.
False - Abnormal amounts of peristalsis can potential lead to diarrhea OR constipation.
Occurring in the large intestine, contractions are larger and less frequent. They help eliminate feces.
Mass Movements
From ingestion to elimination, transit time should take anywhere from ___ to ___ hours.
12-48 hours
T/F - The ideal transit time is 12-24 hours.
True
With increased transit time, the food remains in the system for a ______ duration and more water is absorbed by the large intestine. This results in ____, usually smaller stool.
Longer
Hard
With decreased transit time, the food remains in the system for a _______ duration and there is less of an opportunity for the large intestine to absorb water. This results in _____, watery stool.
Shorter
Loose
If you have ever wondered what your transit time is, try eating _____. Because of their deep ___ colour, they serve as a clear indicator of transit time when they pass through your digestive tract.
Beets
Red
________ factors that influence transit time include:
- Stress
- Caffeine
- Dehydration
- Sedentary lifestyle
- High/low fat diet
- Failure to respond to defecation reflex (e.g. inconvenience, pain, phobia/dislike of public defecation)
- Seated defecation
Societal
________ issues that influence transit time include:
- Static postures (e.g. seated, immobilization for long periods of time)
- Hyperlordosis leading to muscular imbalances (e.g. weakened abdominals, short iliopsoas)
- Scoliosis leading to muscular imbalances or may compress viscera/GI tract
Postural
T/F - Pelvic floor dysfunction can be a cause or effect of chronic constipation.
True
