Topic 2 - Abdominopelvic Region

Question 1

A very important and complex region from both a biomechanical and systemic standpoint that connects the pelvis and thorax.

Answer 1

Abdominopelvic Region

Question 2

Three long levers (the spine and both lower limbs) connect and create motion in the ______________ region, and this is where a high amount of load converges.

Answer 2

Abdominopelvic

Question 3

T/F - The abdominopelvic region requires a high degree of stability in multiple planes of motion.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The __________ joint, though not highly mobile, has a very important role of allowing for opposing motion between the sacrum and innominate bones/lower limbs during gait.

Answer 4

Sacroiliac

Question 5

The sacroiliac joint allows for __________ of the forces created by the high load and three long levers in this region.

Answer 5

Disperison

Question 6

Factors that contribute to ___ of movement at the sacroiliac joint include:
- Muscular imbalance
- Myofascial tension
- Muscle weakness (lack of force closure)

Answer 6

Lack

Question 7

If there is lack of movement at the sacroiliac joint, we can start to see increased loading of the ______ spine, and therefore facet joint irritation, disc herniation, spinal nerve compression and ____________.

Answer 7

Lumbar
Degeneration

Question 8

Name the 5 muscles/structures of the core musculature.

Answer 8

• Deep portion of quadratus lumborum
• Transversus abdominus
• Multifidi
• Pelvic floor
• Diaphragm

Question 9

The following muscles are additional ___________ stabilizers to the core musculature:
- Gluteus medius and minimus
- Deep lateral rotators
- Iliopsoas
- Internal and external obliques

Answer 9

Lumbopelvic

Question 10

T/F - In order to achieve proper lumbopelvic stability, we only require strength in the core musculature.

Answer 10

False - In order to achieve proper lumbopelvic stability, we require BOTH strength in the core musculature, AS WELL AS PROPER JOINT MECHANICS.

Question 11

Lumbopelvic stability requires the hip joints and thoracic spine to achieve adequate ROM, particularly in _________ and rotation, in order to spare the ______ spine from excessive loading.

Answer 11

Extension
Lumbar

Question 12

Adequate ____ mobility can also contribute to a pelvic position that facilitates a proper length-tension relationship for the abdominal and _________ chain musculature.

Answer 12

Hip
Posterior

Question 13

Proper rib mechanics are required for _________ function and _____ engagement. When combined with a mobile lumbar spine, this can provide _________ in all ranges and throughout functional motion.

Answer 13

Diaphragm
Core
Stability

Question 14

From a systemic standpoint, the abdominopelvic region houses _______, which are covered with and connected by ______.

Answer 14

Viscera
Fascia

Question 15

T/F - Any pathology of the viscera or surgery in the abdominopelvic region can affect the musculoskeletal system.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Some ______________ pathologies/surgeries that can affect the musculoskeletal system include:
- Constipation
- Inflammatory bowel/reproductive conditions
- Fibroids
- Cesarean section/other surgical scars

Answer 16

Abdominopelvic

Question 17

Abdominopelvic dysfunction often presents as ___ back, pelvic or __________ joint pain.

Answer 17

Low
Sacroiliac

Question 18

Indicators of ________ referred pain would be the pain is not getting better and it is difficult to recreate.

Answer 18

Visceral

Question 19

Slow, difficult or infrequent movement of feces through the bowel, resulting in hard stools.

Answer 19

Constipation

Question 20

T/F - Generally constipation is medically defined as fewer than 2 stools per week, however bowel patterns differ among individuals and abnormalities are relative to the individuals’ normal pattern.

Answer 20

False - Generally, constipation is medically defined as FEWER THAN 3 stools per week, however bowel patterns differ among individuals and abnormalities are relative to the individuals’ normal pattern.

Question 21

A type of constipation in which there is no underlying medical condition and can usually be managed with self-help measures. The bowel is healthy but not working properly.

Answer 21

Functional Constipation

Question 22

Functional constipation is accompanied by colonic _______ and delayed _______.

Answer 22

Inertia
Transit

Question 23

__________ constipation can be linked to stress, poor diet, dehydration and sedentary lifestyle.

Answer 23

Functional

Question 24

_______ constipation can be caused by several conditions including:
- Colonic disorders (e.g. IBS)
- Pelvic floor dysfunction

Answer 24

Chronic

Question 25

T/F - Symptoms must be present for more than approximately 3 months to be considered chronic constipation.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Causes of _________ constipation include: - Colon cancer - Endocrine conditions (e.g. diabetes mellitus, underactive thyroid gland) - Medications (e.g. opiates, CNS depressants) - Neurological diseases (e.g. Parkinson's disease, MS)

Answer 26

Secondary

Question 27

Retention of hard or putty-like stools in the rectum that interferes with normal passage of feces. It can be masked by diarrhea pushing past it.

Answer 27

Fecal Impaction

Question 28

Fecal impaction is typically associated with _______ constipation and is usually accompanied by pain and abdominal __________.

Answer 28

Chronic Distension

Question 29

Fill in the blanks for the digestive system pathway: Digested food > esophagus > _______ > small intestine (jejunum-ileum) > _________ valve > ascending colon > hepatic flexure > __________ colon > splenic flexure > descending colon > _______ colon > internal sphincter > ______ > external sphincter and anus

Answer 29

Stomach Ileocecal Transverse Sigmoid Rectum

Question 30

Wave-like contractions of the gastrointestinal tract that move the contents through the system.

Answer 30

Peristalsis

Question 31

If an abnormal amount of ___________ is occurring, this results in an inordinate amount of time available for the __________ of water by the large intestine.

Answer 31

Peristalsis Absorption

Question 32

T/F - Abnormal amounts of peristalsis can potential lead to diarrhea, but not constipation.

Answer 32

False - Abnormal amounts of peristalsis can potential lead to diarrhea OR constipation.

Question 33

Occurring in the large intestine, contractions are larger and less frequent. They help eliminate feces.

Answer 33

Mass Movements

Question 34

From ingestion to elimination, transit time should take anywhere from ___ to ___ hours.

Answer 34

12-48 hours

Question 35

T/F - The ideal transit time is 12-24 hours.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

With increased transit time, the food remains in the system for a ______ duration and more water is absorbed by the large intestine. This results in ____, usually smaller stool.

Answer 36

Longer Hard

Question 37

With decreased transit time, the food remains in the system for a _______ duration and there is less of an opportunity for the large intestine to absorb water. This results in _____, watery stool.

Answer 37

Shorter Loose

Question 38

If you have ever wondered what your transit time is, try eating _____. Because of their deep ___ colour, they serve as a clear indicator of transit time when they pass through your digestive tract.

Answer 38

Beets Red

Question 39

________ factors that influence transit time include: - Stress - Caffeine - Dehydration - Sedentary lifestyle - High/low fat diet - Failure to respond to defecation reflex (e.g. inconvenience, pain, phobia/dislike of public defecation) - Seated defecation

Answer 39

Societal

Question 40

________ issues that influence transit time include: - Static postures (e.g. seated, immobilization for long periods of time) - Hyperlordosis leading to muscular imbalances (e.g. weakened abdominals, short iliopsoas) - Scoliosis leading to muscular imbalances or may compress viscera/GI tract

Answer 40

Postural

Question 41

T/F - Pelvic floor dysfunction can be a cause or effect of chronic constipation.

Answer 41

True