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T4 MSK > Topic 2 - Abdominopelvic Region > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Abdominopelvic Region Flashcards

1
Q

A very important and complex region from both a biomechanical and systemic standpoint that connects the pelvis and thorax.

A

Abdominopelvic Region

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2
Q

Three long levers (the spine and both lower limbs) connect and create motion in the ______________ region, and this is where a high amount of load converges.

A

Abdominopelvic

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3
Q

T/F - The abdominopelvic region requires a high degree of stability in multiple planes of motion.

A

True

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4
Q

The __________ joint, though not highly mobile, has a very important role of allowing for opposing motion between the sacrum and innominate bones/lower limbs during gait.

A

Sacroiliac

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5
Q

The sacroiliac joint allows for __________ of the forces created by the high load and three long levers in this region.

A

Disperison

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6
Q

Factors that contribute to ___ of movement at the sacroiliac joint include:
- Muscular imbalance
- Myofascial tension
- Muscle weakness (lack of force closure)

A

Lack

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7
Q

If there is lack of movement at the sacroiliac joint, we can start to see increased loading of the ______ spine, and therefore facet joint irritation, disc herniation, spinal nerve compression and ____________.

A

Lumbar
Degeneration

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8
Q

Name the 5 muscles/structures of the core musculature.

A
  • Deep portion of quadratus lumborum
  • Transversus abdominus
  • Multifidi
  • Pelvic floor
  • Diaphragm
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9
Q

The following muscles are additional ___________ stabilizers to the core musculature:
- Gluteus medius and minimus
- Deep lateral rotators
- Iliopsoas
- Internal and external obliques

A

Lumbopelvic

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10
Q

T/F - In order to achieve proper lumbopelvic stability, we only require strength in the core musculature.

A

False - In order to achieve proper lumbopelvic stability, we require BOTH strength in the core musculature, AS WELL AS PROPER JOINT MECHANICS.

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11
Q

Lumbopelvic stability requires the hip joints and thoracic spine to achieve adequate ROM, particularly in _________ and rotation, in order to spare the ______ spine from excessive loading.

A

Extension
Lumbar

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12
Q

Adequate ____ mobility can also contribute to a pelvic position that facilitates a proper length-tension relationship for the abdominal and _________ chain musculature.

A

Hip
Posterior

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13
Q

Proper rib mechanics are required for _________ function and _____ engagement. When combined with a mobile lumbar spine, this can provide _________ in all ranges and throughout functional motion.

A

Diaphragm
Core
Stability

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14
Q

From a systemic standpoint, the abdominopelvic region houses _______, which are covered with and connected by ______.

A

Viscera
Fascia

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15
Q

T/F - Any pathology of the viscera or surgery in the abdominopelvic region can affect the musculoskeletal system.

A

True

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16
Q

Some ______________ pathologies/surgeries that can affect the musculoskeletal system include:
- Constipation
- Inflammatory bowel/reproductive conditions
- Fibroids
- Cesarean section/other surgical scars

A

Abdominopelvic

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17
Q

Abdominopelvic dysfunction often presents as ___ back, pelvic or __________ joint pain.

A

Low
Sacroiliac

18
Q

Indicators of ________ referred pain would be the pain is not getting better and it is difficult to recreate.

A

Visceral

19
Q

Slow, difficult or infrequent movement of feces through the bowel, resulting in hard stools.

A

Constipation

20
Q

T/F - Generally constipation is medically defined as fewer than 2 stools per week, however bowel patterns differ among individuals and abnormalities are relative to the individuals’ normal pattern.

A

False - Generally, constipation is medically defined as FEWER THAN 3 stools per week, however bowel patterns differ among individuals and abnormalities are relative to the individuals’ normal pattern.

21
Q

A type of constipation in which there is no underlying medical condition and can usually be managed with self-help measures. The bowel is healthy but not working properly.

A

Functional Constipation

22
Q

Functional constipation is accompanied by colonic _______ and delayed _______.

A

Inertia
Transit

23
Q

__________ constipation can be linked to stress, poor diet, dehydration and sedentary lifestyle.

A

Functional

24
Q

_______ constipation can be caused by several conditions including:
- Colonic disorders (e.g. IBS)
- Pelvic floor dysfunction

A

Chronic

25
Q

T/F - Symptoms must be present for more than approximately 3 months to be considered chronic constipation.

A

True

26
Q

Causes of _________ constipation include:
- Colon cancer
- Endocrine conditions (e.g. diabetes mellitus, underactive thyroid gland)
- Medications (e.g. opiates, CNS depressants)
- Neurological diseases (e.g. Parkinson’s disease, MS)

A

Secondary

27
Q

Retention of hard or putty-like stools in the rectum that interferes with normal passage of feces. It can be masked by diarrhea pushing past it.

A

Fecal Impaction

28
Q

Fecal impaction is typically associated with _______ constipation and is usually accompanied by pain and abdominal __________.

A

Chronic
Distension

29
Q

Fill in the blanks for the digestive system pathway:
Digested food > esophagus > _______ > small intestine (jejunum-ileum) > _________ valve > ascending colon > hepatic flexure > __________ colon > splenic flexure > descending colon > _______ colon > internal sphincter > ______ > external sphincter and anus

A

Stomach
Ileocecal
Transverse
Sigmoid
Rectum

30
Q

Wave-like contractions of the gastrointestinal tract that move the contents through the system.

A

Peristalsis

31
Q

If an abnormal amount of ___________ is occurring, this results in an inordinate amount of time available for the __________ of water by the large intestine.

A

Peristalsis
Absorption

32
Q

T/F - Abnormal amounts of peristalsis can potential lead to diarrhea, but not constipation.

A

False - Abnormal amounts of peristalsis can potential lead to diarrhea OR constipation.

33
Q

Occurring in the large intestine, contractions are larger and less frequent. They help eliminate feces.

A

Mass Movements

34
Q

From ingestion to elimination, transit time should take anywhere from ___ to ___ hours.

A

12-48 hours

35
Q

T/F - The ideal transit time is 12-24 hours.

A

True

36
Q

With increased transit time, the food remains in the system for a ______ duration and more water is absorbed by the large intestine. This results in ____, usually smaller stool.

A

Longer
Hard

37
Q

With decreased transit time, the food remains in the system for a _______ duration and there is less of an opportunity for the large intestine to absorb water. This results in _____, watery stool.

A

Shorter
Loose

38
Q

If you have ever wondered what your transit time is, try eating _____. Because of their deep ___ colour, they serve as a clear indicator of transit time when they pass through your digestive tract.

A

Beets
Red

39
Q

________ factors that influence transit time include:
- Stress
- Caffeine
- Dehydration
- Sedentary lifestyle
- High/low fat diet
- Failure to respond to defecation reflex (e.g. inconvenience, pain, phobia/dislike of public defecation)
- Seated defecation

A

Societal

40
Q

________ issues that influence transit time include:
- Static postures (e.g. seated, immobilization for long periods of time)
- Hyperlordosis leading to muscular imbalances (e.g. weakened abdominals, short iliopsoas)
- Scoliosis leading to muscular imbalances or may compress viscera/GI tract

A

Postural

41
Q

T/F - Pelvic floor dysfunction can be a cause or effect of chronic constipation.

A

True

T4 MSK (4 decks)

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