Topic 2

Question 1

What are the fat soluble and the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 1

fat: A,D,E,K
water: B,C

Question 2

how did beriberi was discovered?

Answer 2

chicken fed with brown rice recovered compared to chicken fed with white rice

Question 3

where does the word vitamin come from?

Answer 3

vital amine

Question 4

what causes beriberi?

Answer 4

thiamine (B1) deficiency

Question 5

what causes pellagra?

Answer 5

niacin deficiency

Question 6

Niacin can be synthesized from wich AA?

Answer 6

tryptophan

Question 7

What can be a benefit and a disadvantage of taking niacin supplements?

Answer 7

lowers blood cholesterol but flushed skin bc of high dosage → back to normal after sustained intake

Question 8

what are the roles of vitamin B?

Answer 8

coenzyme in energy production rx but does not give extra energy if xs consumption

Question 9

what can an xs of vit B can cause?

Answer 9

neuropathies, glossitis and red/sore tongue

Question 10

what is methotrexate?

Answer 10

a compound that is similar to folic acid and blocks the function of folic acid → used to treat leukemia to lower cancer cell replication = inhibits enzymes required for DNA synthesis

Question 11

how can vit B12 be produced?

Answer 11

can be made industrially or by bacterial fermentation

Question 12

what is prenicious anemia?

Answer 12

vit B12 deficiency = defects in RBC synthesis because no B12 due to the absence of intrinsic factor

Question 13

what can cause a vitB12 deficiency?

Answer 13

vegan diet, celiac or Crohn’s disease, some medications and anti-biotics, alcohol in xs

Question 14

what are the conversion factors for 1 IU of vitA equivalency?

Answer 14

0. 3 ug of retinol

0. 6 ug of beta-carotene

Question 15

what vit A is needed for?

Answer 15

bone growth, reproduction, immune system, skin + mucous membrane, vision (night blindness)

Question 16

what can be some solution for vit A deficiency in developing countries but why it is implemented?

Answer 16

golden rice or potato (OMG)
people fear OMG and other foods with vitA are not part of their usual diet and supp is not a solution bc not use to take pills

Question 17

can xs in vit A be toxic?

Answer 17

yes in preformed

Question 18

what are the roles of vit B12?

Answer 18

RBC formation and CNS

Question 19

does vit D supp decrease the risk of osteoporosis?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

what a vit D deficiency causes in children?

Answer 20

rickets

Question 21

what are the two forms of vit E?

Answer 21

tocopherol + tocotrienol

Question 22

what vit E is important for?

Answer 22

skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle, RBCs, positive effect on immune system health.

Question 23

does vit E supp has an effect on cancer or CVD treatment?

Answer 23

no

Question 24

what is the role of vit K?

Answer 24

activates prothrombin for blood coagulation

Question 25

which disease is associated with a vit C deficiency?

Answer 25

scurvy

Question 26

does vit C can prevent a cold?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

which micronutrient absorption is enhanced by vit C?

Answer 27

iron

Question 28

risk of which cancer can be higher with beta-carotene supp?

Answer 28

lung cancer in smokers