Topic 2

Question 1

What can the Earths crust be divided into

Answer 1

Oceanic crust and continental crust

Question 2

Name the three layers of the earth

Answer 2

The crust mantle and core

Question 3

What is the crust

Answer 3

The solid outer part of the earths crust

Question 4

What is the mantle

Answer 4

An area of hot molten rock beneath earths crust.

Question 5

Name the two parts of the core

Answer 5

Inner and outer core

Question 6

How thick is the crust

Answer 6

10-70km thick

Question 7

How thick is the mantle

Answer 7

2800km

Question 8

Outer Caro thickness

Answer 8

2250

Question 9

Inner core

Answer 9

1250 km thic

Question 10

How thick is oceanic crust

Answer 10

Less than 10km

Question 11

Name all the tectonic plates

Answer 11

Northern American plate
Eurasian plate 
Arabian plate 
Caribbean plate 
Juan de Fuca plate 
Cocos plate 
Pacific plate
Nazca plate
South American plate 
African plate 
Indian plate 
Indo-Australian plate
Antarctica plate
Scotia plate 
Philippine plate

Question 12

How fast do tectonic plates move

Answer 12

As fast as your finger nails grown , almost 3 cm a year

Question 13

Explain convection currents

Answer 13

Heat from earths core causes circular movements in the mantle

Question 14

Where are some of the worlds most active volcanos

Answer 14

The ring of fire

Question 15

Where do volcanos form

Answer 15

At places where plates move apart

Question 16

How do colliding plates cause volcanos

Answer 16

It occurs when a recto Jc plate slides under another plate, it begins to melt back into mantle . It works itself through the crust the. It erupts as a volcano

Question 17

Explain how earthquakes happen

Answer 17

Earths tectonic plates grind against each other creating shock waves that vibrate through Earths crust . The shock waves cause the ground to shake.

Question 18

Explain faults

Answer 18

Convection currents in the magma cause pressure to build up at plate margins.

Question 19

Name 6 effects of an earthquake

Answer 19

Tsunamis 
Buildings collapse and crush people
Can start fires after the earthquake
People are left homeless
Polluted water and dead bodies spread disease easily

Question 20

What are the variables that change the ways people are affected during earthquakes

Answer 20

How many people live in the area
Quality of buildings
How well they are prepared
Availability of people who can rescue people

Question 21

Describe a high risk community for earthquakes

Answer 21

Urban areas with lots of people
People who live close the the sea where earthquakes occur may experience tsunamis
Places with poorly made buildings 
Places with poor rescue plans 
Bad communication

Question 22

List five ways to reduce the impact of an earthquake

Answer 22

Good equipmentment to cope with earthquake damage 
Well trained rescue teams
Doctors nurses medical supplies 
Emergency plans to cut of gas
Warning systems

Question 23

What is a flood?

Answer 23

It is when there is too much water on the land

Question 24

List a few things that how the things in the environment help to cause floods.

Answer 24

Long periods of very heavy rain fill up rivers and dams
Steep slopes cause rainwater to flow off the land quickly
If fires have destroyed the vegetation, water flows quickly into rivers off the bare ground

If animals have eaten all the grass water flows quickly into rivers

Tsunamis and storms can flood coasts

Question 25

List a few ways people help to cause floods

Answer 25

People build dams which can fill up and flood the land

Farmers remove or burn natural vegetation to make fields causing water to flow quickly

In cities water flows very quickly off streets and buildings

People remove or fill in wetlands and lakes

Question 26

List a few effects of floods

Answer 26

People drown and are injured in floods

Floods can destroy crops and animals resulting in food shortages

Floods can wash away soil making the land the infertile and bad for farming.

Floods can destroy buildings
Floods can wash sewage out of sewage works polluting food and water supplies

Diseases spread
Coastal flooding covers the land in salt

People are left homeless

Question 27

Why do some people live next to rivers

Answer 27

They use river water for drinking washing and cooking
They need water to keep their soil fertile and make their crops grow
The land next tho the river is flat and easy to build on
There is not enough suitable land in other areas
Cannot afford better housing

Question 28

List six ways to reduce the impact of floods

Answer 28

Build barriers also Ng banks of rivers and coastlines
Build settlements away from the river
Improve drainage
Make laws preventing people from living in high risk flood areas
Teach people the dangers of floods
Use lakes ad natural vegetation to prevent water from flowing too quickly