Topic 2, 3,4 Flashcards
a disease that can be spread from person to person
infectious disease
a process for identifying which pathogen causes an infectious disease
Koch’s postulates
multicellular, eukaryotic organism that can live in (tapeworms) or on (fleas) a host; can spread disease like malaria
Parasite
unicellular, eukaryotic organism that often lives in water (like amoebas); can spread disease like dysentery
protozoa
multicellular, eukaryotic organism (like yeast) that can cause diseases like athlete’s foot
fungus
unicellular, prokaryotic organism that can cause diseases like strep throat
bacteria
non living simple particles that need a host to reproduce; can cause diseases like aids and the flu
virus
an organism (like mosquitoes) that spreads a disease (like malaria)
vector
acquired immuno deficiency syndrome; disease in which t cells of the immune system are destroyed
aids
human immuno deficiency virus; the virus that causes aids
HIV
the non specific immune system response (kills any and all pathogens that are detected)
innate immunity
white blood cells that identify and destroy any and all pathogens that are detected
non specific white blood cells
a local reaction to an infection; increased blood flow brings white blood cells to site of infection
inflammation
a type of protein secreted by white blood blood cells; it increases the permeability of the capillaries to white blood cells and some proteins, to allow them to engage pathogens in the infected tissues
histamine
white blood cells that engulf pathogens through endocytosis
macrophage
endocytosis of solid materials (like pathogens)
phagocytosis
specialized proteins that help to identify and destroy foreign substances in the body; made by white blood cells
antibodies
formed in bone marrow; specialized white blood cells that bind to antigens
B cells
made in the thymus gland
T cells
specialized white blood cells that make antibodies
Plasma cells
Specialized white blood cells that are stored for future protection; part of acquired immunity
Memory cells
soecialized white blood cells that help to stimulate other immune system responses
Helper T cells
Specialized white blood cells that target infected cells
Cytotoxic T cells
specialized white blood cells that bring in a 2nd line of defense after the initial wave of white blood cells
Delayed Reaction T Cells
specialized white blood cells that regulate the body’s immune response
Suppressor T Cells
creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, which leads to an enhanced response when the same pathogen is encountered in the future
Acquired immunity
store white blood cells
Lymph node
where T cells mature
Thymus gland
holds extra T and B cells
Spleen
where B cells mature
Bone marrow
Non specific chemical (like bleach) used to kill many kinds of pathogens
Antiseptic
a small amount of inactivated pathogen is injected to prompt an immune response and the development of memory B cells that protect against future exposure
Vaccine
chemicals used to destroy living pathogens (protozoans, parasites, bacteria, fungus) but do NOT work against non-living pathogens (viruses)
Antibiotics
an improper immune response to a foreign substance in the body
allergy
any substance that causes an allergic reaction
Allergen
a type of protein secreted by white blood cells; it increases the permeability of the capillaries to white blood cells and some proteins, to allow them to engage pathogens in the infected tissues
Histamine
a very severe allergic reaction to an allergen
Anaphylactic shock
reduce the release of histamine secretion by white blood cells
Antihistamines
organisms that cause infectious diseases
pathogen
