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Year 11 OCR Modern World GCSE Paper 1: The USA (1919-1941) > Topic 2 - 1920s Society > Flashcards

Topic 2 - 1920s Society Flashcards

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1
Q

What law was passed in 1920 which granted women the right to vote in all states?

A

19th Amendment

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2
Q

By what percentage did the number of women working increase between 1920 and 1929?

A

24%

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3
Q

Did women achieve equality in the workplace in the 1920s?

A

No. Most working women were in low-paid jobs. They were also paid less than men for the same job.

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4
Q

Did women achieve equality in the law in the 1920s?

A

No. In 1923, women campaigned to Congress to pass the Equal Rights Act, but failed.

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5
Q

Name two female politicians in the 1920s.

A

Florence Kelley and Alice Paul

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6
Q

By 1930, what proportion of women aged 15 years and older were working (%)?

A

Only 25% - the rest of the female population worked at home or on their farms.

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7
Q

Name three new styles of behaviour associated with “flappers”.

A
  1. Wearing daring clothes
  2. Having short hair
  3. Smoking
  4. Drinking
  5. Socialising with men without a chaperone
  6. Kissing in public
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8
Q

Which association in Washington D.C. aimed to persuade young women to behave respectfully?

A

The Anti-Flirt Association

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9
Q

In what areas of America did women experience greater freedoms and opportunities in the 1920s?

A

Cities / urban areas

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10
Q

What evidence is there that women in America achieved greater rights in the law in the 1920s?

A
  1. Maternity and Infancy Protection Act (1921).
  2. Equal nationality rights for married women were granted in 1922.
  3. Child Labour Amendment (1925).
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11
Q

When did Prohibition became law in America?

A

January 1920 under the Volstead Act (the 18th Amendment was passed the previous year)

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12
Q

What did Prohibition ban?

A

The manufacture, transportation and sale of alcohol

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13
Q

How many “dry” states were there by already 1919?

A

13 states

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14
Q

Name two temperance groups who campaigned for Prohibition.

A
  1. The Anti-Saloon League

2. The Christian Women’s Temperance Union

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15
Q

What did temperance movements argue drinking alcohol led to?

A

Crime, poverty, violence (e.g. 3000 infants a year were smothered by drunken parents)

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16
Q

Why did business leaders support Prohibition?

A

They thought their workers would be more productive.

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17
Q

Why did the First World War lead to a rise in support for Prohibition?

A

Accused of being unpatriotic; grain used to make alcohol should be used to feed soldiers; Germans owned big breweries.

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18
Q

How much did wealthy industrialist John D. Rockefeller donate to the Anti-Saloon League?

A

$350,000

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19
Q

What happened to the demand for alcohol after Prohibition?

A

It continued

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20
Q

What was the name of the illegal bars which operated after Prohibition?

A

Speakeasies

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21
Q

How many speakeasies were there in America by 1930?

A

Approximately 250,000

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22
Q

What was the name given to the illegal home-brewed whisky some Americans produced?

A

Moonshine

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23
Q

Name two famous agents who enforced Prohibition.

A

Moe Smith and Izzy Einstein

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24
Q

Altogether, how many agents were there to enforce Prohibition?

A

1250

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25
Q

What was the name given to the smugglers who illegal brought alcohol into America?

A

Bootleggers

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26
Q

What proportion of illegal alcohol transported to America came from Canada?

A

Two-thirds

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27
Q

Approximately how much money did organised gangs make from the sale of alcohol in the 1920s?

A

£2 billion

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28
Q

What proportion of Prohibition agents were dismissed for corruption?

A

1 in 12

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29
Q

Who was a close associate of Al Capone?

A

Mayor “Big Bill” Thompson

30
Q

What happened to murder rates in US cities as a result of gangs competing to control the alcohol trade?

A

They rose (e.g. there were 130 gang-related murders in Chicago from 1926-7)

31
Q

What was the name of the event in 1929 which saw Al Capone’s men murder seven members of the ‘Bugs’ Moran gang?

A

The Valentine’s Day Massacre

32
Q

On average, how many immigrants moved to America a year between 1900 and 1910?

A

A million

33
Q

What year did Russia become a communist country?

A

1917

34
Q

Why were some Americans fearful of immigrants to the US from Russia and eastern Europe?

A

They believed they would bring radical, communist ideas to America.

35
Q

What was the name given to the fear of communism which developed in America in the 1920s?

A

The Red Scare.

36
Q

What events were seen to show that communism was at work in America?

A

A wave of strikes broke out in 1919 (400,000 workers on strike).

37
Q

How many prominent Americans received bombs through the post between April and June 1919?

A

36 prominent Americans

38
Q

Who was nearly killed in one of these bombing attacks?

A

Attorney General Mitchell Palmer

39
Q

Who was blamed for the bombing attacks?

A

Immigrants who were anarchists

40
Q

How did the government respond to the bombing attacks?

A

They introduced the Palmer Raids

41
Q

How many immigrants were deported between 1919 and 1930?

A

10,000 immigrants

42
Q

What law did the government pass in 1924 to restrict immigration?

A

The Johnson-Reid Act

43
Q

After this law was passed, how many immigrants could move to America a year?

A

150,000

44
Q

What was the name of the two Italian immigrants who were trialled and executed in the 1920s?

A

Sacco and Vanzetti

45
Q

What crime were they accused of committing?

A

Armed robbery and two counts of murder

46
Q

What were the problems with the court proceedings?

A

Weak evidence and Judge Webster Thayer was seen to be bias towards immigrants.

47
Q

What laws meant that black people in southern states could be legally segregated from white people?

A

The Jim Crow Laws

48
Q

What was the name of the white supremacist organisation which gained popularity in the 1920s?

A

The Ku Klux Klan

49
Q

What was the name of the film (1915) which glorified the organisation and helped it to gain popularity?

A

Birth of a Nation

50
Q

How many members did this organisation have by 1925?

A

Approx. 5 million members

51
Q

Where was the KKK the strongest?

A

The southern states

52
Q

Name two American states whose Governors were members of the organisation.

A

Ohio and Oklahoma

53
Q

In the early-1920s, how many lynchings were there a year in the south?

A

50 lynchings

54
Q

What was the name of the white gangs in northern America which meant African Americans were forced to live in isolated ghettos in society?

A

“Athletics Clubs”

55
Q

How did African American’s education, housing and health services compare to white people’s in the north?

A

A lot worse (e.g. they paid higher rents for poorer housing)

56
Q

How many black farm workers lost their jobs in the 1920s?

A

Three-quarters of a million

57
Q

What was the name of the university set up to educate black people?

A

Howard University

58
Q

What political organisation campaigned to end segregation?

A

NAACP

59
Q

What area of New York became a centre of creativity and opportunity for African Americans?

A

Harlem (e.g. this was where the Cotton Club was located, which allowed African Americans to gain prominence as musicians).

60
Q

By how many hours did the average working week drop in the 1920s?

A

From 47.4 hours to 44.2 hours

61
Q

On average, how much did wages increase by in the 1920s (%)?

A

11%

62
Q

What happened to the number of radio stations between 1921 and 1922?

A

Increased from 1 station to 508 stations.

63
Q

Name two dance crazes jazz music gave rise to.

A
  1. Charleston

2. Black Bottom

64
Q

Name two famous African American jazz musicians of the 1920s.

A
  1. Louis Armstrong

2. Bessie Smith

65
Q

Where was the centre of the major American film industry?

A

Hollywood, Los Angeles

66
Q

How many cinema tickets were being sold a week by the end of the 1920s?

A

100 million tickets (a rise from 40 million in the early-1920s)

67
Q

Name two prominent film stars of the 1920s.

A
  1. Charlie Chaplin
  2. Clara Bow
  3. Douglas Fairbanks
  4. Gloria Swanson
  5. Rudolph Valentino
68
Q

When was the first “talkie” movie made?

A

1927

69
Q

What guidelines were introduced in 1930 to limit and control what could be shown in films?

A

The Hays Code

70
Q

Name two popular sportsmen of the 1920s and their sport.

A
  1. “Babe” Ruth (baseball)

2. Jack Dempsey (boxing)

71
Q

How much did the suburb of Grosse Point Park outside Detroit expand in the 1920s (%)?

A

700%

Year 11 OCR Modern World GCSE Paper 1: The USA (1919-1941) (6 decks)

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