topic 2 Flashcards
This is a process that generates outcomes
which cannot be predicted with certainty in advance.
experiment
This is used to quantify the uncertainty and
likelihood of possible outcomes.
probability
This constitutes a branch of mathematics for dealing with uncertainty.
Statistics and Probability Theory
This serves as the foundation for statistical
inference, enabling the drawing of conclusions from data in the face of uncertainty.
Probability Theory
The ____________ of an experiment is a set consisting of all possible experimental outcomes.
sample space (S)
A subset of a sample space is called _______.
event
Two (or more) events are said to be ________________ if they have no outcomes in common.
mutually exclusive
Given any experiment and any event A, the expression ____ denotes the probability that the event A occurs.
P(A)
If S is a sample space containing N equally
likely outcomes, and if A is an event
containing k outcomes, then:
P(A) = k/N.
For mutually exclusive events A and B,
P(A∪B) = P(A)+ P(B)
If A and B are not mutually
exclusive:
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
If an operation can be performed in n1
ways, and for each of these, a second
operation can be performed in n2
ways, then the total number of ways to
perform both operations is _______.
n1n2
The number of permutations of a
collection of n objects is:
n! = n(n − 1)(n − 2)···(3)(2)(1)
The number of permutations of k objects
chosen from a group of n objects is:
nPk = n!/(n − k)!
The number of combinations of k objects
chosen from a group of n objects is:
nCk = n!/[k!(n − k)!]
The number of ways of dividing a group of n objects into groups of k1, k2…,kr objects, where k1 + k2 + … + kr = n:
n!/(k1!k2!…kr!)
An experiment is a process that generates ____________ which cannot be predicted
with certainty in advance.
outcomes
Probability is used to quantify the __________ and __________ of these possible
outcomes.
uncertainty
likelihood
Statistics and Probability Theory constitutes a branch of mathematics for dealing with
__________.
uncertainty
Probability Theory serves as the _________________, enabling the drawing
of conclusions from data in the
face of uncertainty
foundation for statistical inference
Probability Theory serves as the foundation of statistical inference, enabling the drawing of __________ from data in the
face of _________.
conclusions
uncertainty
∅ denotes a/an ___________. Then
P(∅) = 0.
empty set
