topic 2 Flashcards
is the one who works or engages in the business of installing in buildings the pipes fixtures and other apparatus for bringing in the water supply and removing liquid and waterborne waste.
the plumber
There are three categories of plumbers based upon their graces of experiences. They are:
- apprentice plumber
- journeyman plumber
- master plumber
a beginner at the trade who usually serves for 3 to 5 years as helper to a journeyman
apprentice plumber
has served his apprenticeship and is competent to perform the tasks of installing and repairing plumbing.
journeyman plumber
a person technically and legally qualified and licensed to practice the profession of master plumbing without limitations in accordance with Republic Act 1378 , having passed the examinations conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), has received a certificate of registration from the board of master plumbing and possesses the current license to practice
master plumber
The Drainage installation DWV
D - for drainage of solid waste
W - for waste coming from
various fixtures other than
water closet
V - refers to the ventilation of
the piping system.
House Drainage (________) to facilitate easy repair and better maintenance.
should be preferable laid by side of the building
The sewage or sullage should flow under the ()
should flow under the force of gravity
The house sewer should always be straight. The entire system should be () from start to the end.
well ventilated
*The house sewer should be connected to the () such that the invert level is sufficiently higher to avoid back flow of sewage in house sewer.
manhole
“Where ever there is change in direction of sewer line in the premises, provide
inspection chamber at the junction.
() should be leek proof because leakage if any shall create an odour problem and leaked wastewater shall infiltrate in the ground and shall reduce bearing capacity of soil below foundation, which is not desirable.
House sewer joints
() from roofs or open courtyards should not be allowed to flow through the house sewers.
Rain water
() can never be permitted and therefore adequate ventilation systems should be installed.
Siphonage action
: Water when used for different purpose like domestic commercial, industrial etc., receives impurities and become (). Thus () is used water and it has physical, chemical, and biological Impurities in it.
Wastewater
: The waste water coming from W.C. and containing human excreta is known as ().
Sewage
: The Wastewater coming from bathrooms and kitchens which does not contain fecal matter is known as ().
Sullage
: It is entire system of pipe line for providing water supply to the building or it is a system of pipes for disposal of wastewater from the building.
Plumbing/Drainage System
: A pipe carrying sewage/ wastewater is called ().
Sewer
: It is pipe carrying sewage from W.C.
Soil Pipe
: A vertical pipe that provides circulation of air to and from the Drainage system.
Vent Pipe
: A general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste or vent piping.
Stack
: An access opening to allow () of the pipe
Cleanout
: It is a pipe carrying sullage from bathrooms, kitchens, sinks, wash basins, etc.
Waste Pipe
: A system of sewers of different types and sizes in a town collecting wastewater from the town and carrying it to the wastewater treatment plant.
Sewerage System
: A sewer pipe that carries only sewage.
Sanitary Sewer
: A sewer pipe that carries storm water or other drainage (excluding sewage).
Storm Sewer
: Part of the drainage system from the building to the public, private, or individual sewer Disposal system.
Building Sewer
: A sewer pipe installed and maintained by public entity and on public property.
Sewer Main
Components of Drainage system:
- Pipes
- Traps
- sanitary Fittings
- Chambers
In house drainage system () may be designated depending upon the function
pipes
: A pipe carrying human Sewage from W.C.
Soil Pipe
: A pipe carrying sullage.
Waste Pipe
: It is a pipe installed to provide flow of air to or from the drainage system or to provide circulation of air in the drainage system to protect the water seal of traps against Siphonage and backflow.
Vent Pipe
: It is the pipe which is installed to preserve the water seal in the trap through proper ventilation
Antisiphonage Pipe
: A pipe carrying only rain water.
Rain water Pipe
Pipe Sizes:
Soil pipe:
Waste pipe: horizontal:
Waste pipe: vertical:
Rainwater pipe:
Vent pipe:
Soil pipe: 100mm
Waste pipe: horizontal: 30-50mm
Waste pipe: vertical: 75mm
Rainwater pipe: 75mm
Vent pipe: 50mm
Traps are () fixtures that have Water seal in it. This water in the trap creates a seal that prevents sewer gas from passing from the drain pipes back into the occupied space of the building. Essentially all plumbing fixtures including sinks, bathtubs, and toilets must be equipped with either an internal or external trap.
U shaped
: ()-traps exit into the wall behind the sink.
P-Trap
: This trap is used in toilet under water closet.
Q-Trap
: This trap is usually used with Siphonage pipe.
S-Trap
: This trap is generally used to admit sullage from the floors of rooms, bathrooms, kitchen etc. in to the sullage pipe. This is provided with cast iron or stainless steel or galvanized gratings (Jallis) at its top so that the entry of larger matter is prevented thereby chances of blockage are reduced.
Floor Traps (Nahni Trap)
: A () or gully is provided at a junction of a roof drain and other drain coming from kitchen or bathroom.
Gully Traps
() is provided at junction of a house sewer and municipal sewer for preventing entry of foul gases of municipal sewer in to the house drainage system.
Intercepting Traps
: These are plumbing fixtures mainly used for handwashing.
Wash Basin
: () are the plumbing fixtures provided in kitchens for cleaning utensils
Sinks
: A circular waste hole at the bottom of bath tub is provided for drainage purpose. () is the plumbing fixtures provided in the bathroom for taking bath.
Bath tubs
: A () is a pan like water flushed plumbing fixture designed to remove human excreta directly and dispose the same in to the soil pipe through trap.
Water Closets
: a bowl or other receptacle, typically attached to a wall in a toilet, into which men may urinate.
Urinals
Types of Drainage systems
- Two pipe system
- one pipe system
- Single stack system
- Partially Ventilated Single Stack System
: This is the best and most improved system of plumbing. Two sets of vertical pipes, one for excreta (night soil) as soil pipe and another for sullage as waste pipe. The soil pipes as well as waste pipes are separately ventilated, by providing, separate vent pipe or anti-siphon age pipe. This system has four vertical pipes.
Two pipe system
: Instead of using two separate pipes for excreta and sullage, only one vertical main pipe is provided, which collects both night soil and sullage water. The main pipe is ventilated at the top, in addition, a separate vent pipe is also provided. This system has two vertical pipes
One pipe system
: This system is having a single pipe for soil, waste and vent without any separate ventilation pipe. It uses only one pipe, which carries night soil as well as sullage and the same pipe is extended up to 2 m above roof level with a cowl to act as vent pipe for removal of gases.
Single stack system
: This is an improved form of single stack system, where the traps of the water closets are ventilated, by a separate vent pipe, called relief vent pipe. This system uses two pipes as in single pipe system. The single soil and waste pipe is connected to vent pipe and thus cost is reduced.
Partially Ventilated Single Stack System:
() flows to surge tank where is filtered through coarse filter. Then it is pumped to sand filter then it is disinfected and the pumped to grey water tank. and now this can again be used for flushing purpose
grey water recycling
