Topic 2

Question 1

What’s is ionic bonding

Answer 1

Storming electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 2

How does ionic radius and ionic charge affect the strength of ionic bonding

Answer 2

Larger ionic charge increases the strength of the bond. Smaller ionic radius decreases the distance between the ions. Larger radius increases distance and therefore weaker bond

Question 3

What is the trend of atomic radii going down a group

Answer 3

Radii increases as there are more layers of electrons

Question 4

Properties of ionic compound

Answer 4

Hard, brittle, high melting and boiling point, can conduct electricity when molten

Question 5

How does migration of ions provide evidence for the existence of ions

Answer 5

Positive copper(ll) ions are attracted to the cathode and yellow chromate(VI) ions are attracted to the anode

Question 6

What is covalent bonding

Answer 6

strong electrostatic attraction between two nuclei and the shared pair of electrons between them

Question 7

What is dative bonding

Answer 7

When the pair of electrons forming a covalent bond are donated by one atom only

Question 8

What is the rs between bond length and bond strength

Answer 8

As bond strength increases, the bond length decreases

Question 9

2 bond pair no lone pair

Answer 9

Linear (180)

Question 10

3 bond pair no lone pair

Answer 10

Trigonal planar (120)

Question 11

Define electronegativity

Answer 11

Ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 13

What is continuum

Answer 13

different types of bonding by observing variations in electronegativity between atoms

Question 14

What causes a polarity

Answer 14

Unequal sharing of electrons is causing a partial negative or positive charge

Question 15

What are London forces

Answer 15

attraction between atoms in a molecule caused by instantaneous dipoles

Question 16

What are the characteristics of London forces

Answer 16

Exist between all molecules
Are the weakest off all intermolecular forces

Question 17

What are permanent- permanent dipole

Answer 17

Forces that exist between molecules whips per ant dipoles

Question 18

Characteristic of permanent -permanat dipoles s

Answer 18

Stronger than London forces
Exist is addition to London forces

Question 19

What’s are hydrogen bonds

Answer 19

Particularité strong type of permanent dipole interactions

Question 20

What 3 atoms does hydrogen bond to

Answer 20

Oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine

Question 20

Describe hydrogen bonding in water

Answer 20

Each molecule has 2H atoms with 2 loner pairs on each oxygen atom= 4 hydrogen bon per molecule

Question 21

How does boiling temperatures of alkanes change with chain length

Answer 21

Increases, more energy is needed to break intermolecular London forces

Question 22

How does branching of alkanes affect boiling temperature

Answer 22

Lowers boiling temperature, stops main chains getting as close = weaker London forces between the molecules

Question 23

why do alcohols have a significantly higher boiling point than analogous alkanes

Answer 23

The hydroxyl groups in alcohol molecules are responsible for hydrogen bonding between the alcohol molecules. As greater energy is required to overcome these strong intermolecular forces, the melting points and boiling points of alcohols are higher than those of alkanes with a corresponding chain length.

Question 24

What is metallic bonding

Answer 24

the strong electrostatic attraction between metal ions and the delocalised electrons

Question 25

What are the physical properties of diamond

Answer 25

It’s very hard
Does not conduct electricity
Is a good thermal conductor

Question 26

Describe the structure of graphite

Answer 26

Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds to create layers of hexagons. Each carbon atom also has one delocalised electron.

Question 27

What are the physical properties of graphite

Answer 27

A good conductor of electricity
Bonding between layers is very weak = can slide over each other = good lubricant