Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IB Biology > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What makes a molecule organic?

A

A compound made of carbon and hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Identify 3 elements and how they are used in the body.

A

Carbs: Short-term energy storage

Lipids: Long-term energy storage

Protein: Regulate cellular process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe a condensation reaction.

A

a reaction in which two molecules become bonded by a covalent bond and molecules of water is released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe a hydrolysis reaction.

A

Water is used to break down a large molecule into smaller molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the key structural features of carbohydrates?

A

Carbon ring
Hydroxyl groups
Methanol group (CH2OH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the key structural features of Protein?

A

Amino group NH2
Carboxyl group COOH
R group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the key structural features of lipids?

A

Hydrocarbon chain
Methyl group CH3
Carboxyl group COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Distinguish between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids.

A

Saturated have single bonds between each carbon atom

Unsaturated have 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Distinguish between trans and cis fatty acids.

A

Cis: Both hydrogens oriented in the same direction

Trans: Hydrogen atoms oriented in the opposite direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Discuss the health issue associated with trans fats.

A

High levels of trans fat have shown to lead to high cholesterol levels, which in turn can lead to coronary heart diseases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does hydrogen bonding occur in water?

A

Water molecules are polar, having uneven distribution of charges. It is formed between neighboring hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is cohesion and why does water have this property?

A

The ability of water molecules to attract and stick to other water molecules. Because hydrogen bonds keep the water molecules together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is adhesion and why does water have this property?

A

Water molecules can be attracted to and stick to other molecules. Because polar surfaces attract water molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the thermal properties of water?

A

Water is able to retain heat, because of hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why do some organisms sweat?

A

To cool off the body of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of water in dissolving nutrients in the bloodstream?

A
17
Q

Solvent properties

A

The ability to dissolve particles within it in a liquid state.

18
Q

Describe how a protein folds.

A
19
Q

What happens during denaturation of a protein?

A
20
Q

Describe the primary structure of a protein

A

Sequence of a chain of amino acids

21
Q

Describe the secondary structure of a protein

A

Hydrogen bondings between the peptide backbones fold the protein into a repeated pattern. (Either Alpha helix or beta helix pleated sheet.)

22
Q

Describe the tertiary structure of a protein

A

The bonding between R groups, Thre dimensional folding of the protein. Includes H bonds Ionic bonds Disulfide bridge.

23
Q

Quartiery structure

A

Protein consists of more than one amino acid chain.

24
Q

Hemoglobin

A

transport oxygen through red blood cells

25
Q

Insulin

A

Lowers blood sugar

26
Q

Denature

A

Structural change in a protein that results in the loss of its function.

27
Q

Rubisco

A

Enzyme found in plants that help the process of photosynthesis

28
Q

Collagen

A

Provides support for skin, bones, tendons, and muscle tissues.

29
Q

What are the factors that affect enzyme action?

A

Temperature, substrate concentration, and pH level.

30
Q

What is the role of the immobilized enzymes in the production of lactose-free milk?

A
  • Immobilized enzymes are placed into alginate beads.
  • Milk with lactose is sent through the beads
  • The lactase enzyme breaks the lactose
  • The product is glucose and galactose
31
Q

Describe how enzymes work

A

The substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site, and this lowers the activation energy required for a catalyzed reaction.

IB Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions