Topic 2 Flashcards
What is the revolt of the northern earls also called
The northern rebellion
Who was the earl of westmorland
- catholic
- wealthy land owner
- made warden of middle march
- had a less important roll in E. government (demoted)
Who was the earl of northumberland
- catholic
- Henry Vlll killed his farther
- E. took land of him and his copper mine
- she shared his land with his rival
Why was the northern revolt a damp squib
Achieved nothing
Didn’t get men from Lancashire or Cheshire (catholic nobles)
10,000 men after them
No Spanish troupes came to help
Mary qof scotts was moved away from rebels path (to coventry)
E. Kept control of the major northern towns
Earls threatened by E.s army
Evidance to show that the revolt of the northern earls wanted to restore the catholic faith.
- the rebels wanted to re establish catholicism as the countrys religion
- at the start of the revolt, the earls stormed into duraran cathedral and held a catholic service
- the rebels wore catholic badges and emblems
Evidence to show that the rebels wanted to restore political power of the northern nobility, both in the North and at court.
The earls had political grievances against Elizabeth as should weakend their powers in the north. The earl Northumberland had lost an important position as warden of Middlemarch. Elizabeth extended central control from London by putting a cousin Lord Hunsdon in charge of berwick and she appointed the Earl of Sussex as president of the council of the North.
Government of the north was not carried out by the council of the north rather than nobility
After E, first found out about the Norfork plan she summoned the earls to court, they feared prion or execution they may have though there only option was to revolt.
Evidence to show that the revolt of the northern earls wanted to remove ‘evil councillors’ who were influencing the queen away from true faith.
Wanted to get rid of evil councillors such as Cecil, who they blamed for religious changes and their loss of political power
Mary made 50 catholic members of her privy council but E. had only kept 10 of them in their positions, the rest were replaced with protestants.
Evidence to show that the revolt of the northern earls didn’t mention removing E. but there was evidence to suggest they wanted to replace her with MQS
There were letters in early 1569 between MQS and the Spanish ambassador which suggests the Spanish would support a rebellion to place MQS on the throne.
The earls wanted MQS to be recognised as E. successor and for her imprisonment to end.
The earls had already taken part in a plan to marry Mary Queen of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk the most powerful noble in England they hoped this would help Mary to become Elizabeth’s successor however nobles loyal to Elizabeth had also been part of this plan because they hoped this marriage would force Elizabeth to name a successor these loyal nobles told E. about the plan
Why was the northern earls not significant
The revolt had a little chance of success although large numbers of the Earls own men joined themThey did not gain the support of other northern nobles
most English Catholics did not support the revolt
the earls were not brave or decisive leaders and so the News of the Earl of Sussex army moving towards them let them into a panic and they retreated and then fled
the Spanish did not send troops to support the rebels
King Philip second of Spain did not want to MQS to the Queen of England because of her close links with France
The rebels never seem sure weather to overthrow E. and replace her with MQS or just free Mary and have her named E. heir
Elizabeth had dealt with the revolt effectively 
Why didn’t King Philip want Mary Queen of Scots on the throne of England
Because of her close links with the France which was Spains enemy
How did E. deal with the revolt effectively
Her officials in the North had remained loyal to her and kept control of the most important towns she had no trouble raising a loyal army of 10,000 men to march against the revolt.
How did Elizabeth prevent Mary Queen of Scots posing a threat during the revolt of the northern earls
She moved her to Coventry the Earls realise they could not ask you MQS,
Evidence to show that Elizabeth took harsh actions against those involved in the revolt of the northern earls
After the revolt failed 450 of the 700 were executed when Northumberland was captured in Scotland he was sent back to England to be executed?
Evidence to show that the revolt of the northern earls also prompted harsher treatments for Catholics
In 1572 Elizabeth Sent Earl of Huntingdon (a committed Protestant) to laead the council of the North - he implemented law against Catholics
Why was the revolt of the northern else significant
The revolt showed the danger that Mary Queen of Scots represented as a rallying point for English Catholics
Elizabeth took harsh actions
the revolt prompted harsher treatments for Catholics
the pope responded by excommunicating Elizabeth
In 1571 Elizabeth made the treason laws harsher
what does this mean
Making it treasonable to claim she was a heretic or bring the paper bulls ( order issued by the pope) to England.
Who was Robert ridofi?
An Italian baker living in England
One of the popes spies
When was the ridolfi plot
1571
What were the aims of the Ridolfi plot?
Overthrow E. and replace with MQS and restore catholic religion
What foreign support was there for the Ridolfi plot?
The Spanish were going to send an army but weren’t enthusiastic
Pope supportorted plot
Philip ll told duke of alba to prepare 10,000 men to send to England if necessary
How was the Ridolfi plot uncovered
In london E. government was unravelling the plot, Norfolks servents betrayed him under interrogation
What were the consequences for the duke of Norfolk and Mary queen of scots (Ridolfi plot)
Duke of Norfolk was put on trial in January 1572 and found guilty (be headed)
MQS was not executed
What happened to relations with Spain after the Ridolfi plot?
They did not decline at this stage
What was the St Bartholomew day of massacre and why did it increase fears of a catholic attack in England,
Thoasnads of protestants murdered in paris on orders of MQS relatives (1572)
Could have given an example for catholics in England
When was St Bartholomew day of massacre
1572
Who was Francis throckmorton
Young catholic man who carried messages between mary queen of scots and the french and Spanish embassadors.
Also in contact with members of the english catholic nobility
When was the throckmorton plot
1583
What were the aims of the throckmorton plot
To free MQS and restore Catholicism in England. The government believed the target was the life of E.
What foreign support was there for the throckmorton plot
Invasion lead by french duke of guise and financially supported by phillip ll
The pope new -and approved- of the plans
How was the throckmorton plot uncovered
throckmortons house searched
Papers found incriminating a number of catholic nobles
Letters between MQS and france + Spain
Aims mainly confessed under torture
Why was there no popular support for the plot
E. government discovered the Plot before it could reach the public
What happened to the spanish ambassador after the throckmorton plot, mendoza?
E. Expelled Mendoza
Why was there increased fears around English catholics.
People were worried that english catholics were just waiting for a signal from the pope and military support from France and Spain.
The assassination of William fo orange increased government fear that catholics would try to assassinate E. too
Who was william of orange
The leader of the dutch protestants
When was William kf orange assassinated
1584
What was the aim of the bond of association
Prevent any further plots
What did the bond of association mean
To execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the queen
Anyone who would have benefited from E. death would have been punished
In the event that E. life was threatened MQS would be executed
How does the bond of association prove that parliament was worried about english catholics
The bond of association proves that Parliament was worried about Catholics as Elizabeth got her closest adviser to draft it
they would have been worried about Catholics as they made an association to stop plots
they acted very harshly to enforce rules showed how scared they are.
How would the bond of association help prevent catholic plots
Catholics who did create plots to overthrow Elizabeth would have been killed this would scare Catholics to not make plots
Evidence to show that the Ridolfi plot posed a significant threat
Coming so soon after the papal bull excommunicating Elizabeth
the ridolfi plot reinforced the threat posed by Mary and Catholics both at home and abroad.
It reinforced the threat to England from Spain. already concerned by Duke of Alba’s presents in the Netherlands anxiety about Spain‘s intentions towards Elizabeth increased.
The plot gave Protestant MPs in parliament the opportunity to put pressure on Elizabeth to be harsher to Catholics .in 1581 Parliament past two laws against Catholics: recusants would now be fine £20 and attempting to convert people to Catholicism was now treason
The queen passed an act saying that anyone who claimed she was no a rightful queen was a traitor
Evidence to show that the Ridolfi plot didn’t posed a significant threat
The plot never reached the public arena and so never got popular
there wasn’t a lot of support from the English people
foreign support was not clear the Duke of Alba wrote to Philip suggesting that Spain should only invade after Elizabeth had been overthrown.
Evidence to show that the throckmorton plot posed a significant threat
Throckmorton’s papers included a list of Catholic sympathisers in England suggesting that the governments fear of English Catholics as ‘the enemy within’ was real
Life became harder for Catholics as they were treated with great suspicion by the government
many important Catholics fled England after the plot and up to 11,000 were imprisoned or kept under surveillance or house arrest.
The bond of association was drafted in response
another act of parliament in 1585 made helping or sheltering Catholic priests punishable with death.
Foreign powers especially France and Spain were involved in the plots
Counsellors focused on finding concrete evidence that would incriminate Mary Queen of Scots

Evidence to show that the throckmorton didnt pose a significant threat
The plot never reached public area and so never got popular support.
There wasn’t j of support from the english people,
Who was Anthony babington
25 year old catholic male
Responsible for sending information to mary from her supporters in England and Europe, and passing back her replies.
What were the aims of the babington plot
Murder Elizabeth
Make mary queen
Restore catholism
In July 1586 Babington wrote to Mary outlining 6 steps which needed to be taken to free the country from protestantism and how did these steps involve Spain, with whom england was now at war with.
The first 4 steps involved planning for a successful invasion by a foreign army, probably spain
The conspiritors planned to assassinate Elizabeth and give the English throne to Mary but this time with support from who?
Franco-spanish invasion forces
The duke of guise woukd invade england with 60,000 men
The pope supported this plan
What was the 6th step in the babbington 6 step plan
Dispatch of the usurper
How was the babington plot uncovered
Spies within marys household, convinced MQS it was safe to recive/send ketters hidden in beer battles.
All letters intercepted and sent to walshingham
What happened to the babington plotters
All conspirtes arrested and or sent to death for treason
Babington and his accoplices were hung drawn and quartered
What were the consequenes for MQS after the babington plot
MQS was moved to fotheringham castle
Recommend that she should be executed
What were some methords used by Francis walshingham
Intercepting letters and messages Network of spies amd agents Acts of parliment Searched and registers Ciphers Interrogation and torture
How would intercepting letters and messages help protect E.
They would know about any potential plots
Intersecting plotters communication
