Topic 1B- More Biological Molecules (Inorganic Ions) Flashcards
What is the definition of an inorganic ion?
What are two examples of inorganic ions (in solution)?
An ion which doesn’t contain carbon (although there are a few exceptions to this rule)
The cytoplasm of cells and in the body fluids of organisms.
What is haemoglobin?
What is haemoglobin made up of and what do each of these have?
What part of haemoglobin actually binds to oxygen?
What happens in haemoglobin when oxygen is bound and for how long?
A large protein that carries oxygen around the body, in the red blood cells
Made up of four different polypeptide chains, each with an iron ion (Fe 2+) in the centre
It’s the Fe 2+ that actually binds to the oxygen in haemoglobin
When oxygen is bound, the Fe 2+ ion temporarily become an Fe 3+ ion, until oxygen is released.
What are pH calculations based on?
What two things does it mean the more H+ present?
What are affected by pH?
The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the environment
The lower the pH (and the more acidic the environment)
Enzyme-controlled reactions are all affected by pH.
How can a molecule of glucose or an amino acid be transported into a cell and how?
What is this process known as?
A molecule of glucose or an amino acid can be transported into a cell (across the cell-surface) alongside sodium ions (Na+)
Co-transport.
What is a phosphate ion (PO4 3-) known as when it’s attached to another molecule?
What are three examples of compounds that all contain these?
What stores energy in ATP?
What allows the joining up of nucleotides in DNA and RNA?
A phosphate group
DNA, RNA and ATP all contain phosphate groups
It’s the bonds between phosphate groups that store energy in ATP
The phosphate groups in DNA and RNA allow nucleotides to join up to form the polynucleotides.
