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T1 Biology > Topic 1A - THE CIRULATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

Topic 1A - THE CIRULATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

The structure of water

A
  • Dipolar molecule
  • slightly negative oxygen
  • slightly positive hydrogen
  • negatively charged oxygen atoms attract the positively charged
    hydrogens of other water molecules
  • hydrogen bonding
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2
Q

How is water a good transport substance?

A
  • Its a solvent = some substances dissolve in it
  • Water is a solvent and liquid = easily transport all sorts of material
  • dipole nature = makes water cohesive
  • water molecules are cohesive = they tend to stick together so it
    helps water flow
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3
Q

Why do multi cellular organisms need mass transport systems?

A
  • diffusion across the outer membrane would be too slow
  • due to the large distance the substances would have to travel
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4
Q

How does a mass transport system help multi cellular organisms?

A
  • used to carry raw materials from specialised oragns to the rest of the body cells
  • remove metabolic waste
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5
Q

The heart

Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls than the right?

A

Left ventricle has to be thick to pump blood around the whole body whereas right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs

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6
Q

The heart

what is the role of the AV valves?

A
  • link atria to ventricles
  • stop blood flowing back into the atria when the ventricle contracts
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7
Q

The heart

What is the role of the SV valves?

A
  • link ventricles to the pulmonary artery + aorta
  • stop blood flowing back into the heart when the ventricles contract
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8
Q

The heart

What is the role of valves?

A
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9
Q

Blood vessels

What is the structure + function of an artery?

A
  • Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
  • Thick walled + muscular
  • Elastic tissue in the walls to cope with the high pressure
  • Endothelium lining folded to allow the artery to expand
  • small lumen
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10
Q

Blood vessels

Why do arteries have thick muscular walls?

A
  • maintain blood pressure
  • control blood flow
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11
Q

Blood vessels

why do arteries have small lumen?

A

Blood travels at a higher pressure so the small lumen can withstand the high pressure and maintain it

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12
Q

Blood vessels

What is the structure and function of a vein?

A
  • Take blood back to the heart
  • Little elastic fibres or muscles tissues as blood travels under low pressure
  • Contain valves to stop back flow of blood
  • Large lumen
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13
Q

Blood vessels

Why do veins have a large lumen?

A
  • Blood travels at a lower pressure
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14
Q

Blood vessels

What is the structure + function capillary?

A
  • Site where metabolic exchange occurs
  • one cell thick
  • networks of capillary in tissues allow for large surface area
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15
Q

Blood vessels

Why are capillaries one cell thick?

A

To allow for quick diffusion and short diffusion distance

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16
Q

Cardiac cycle

What happens during ventricular diastole?

A
  • Ventricles relax
  • Atria contract
  • Increases pressure inside the chambers
17
Q

Cardiac cycle

What happens during ventricular systole?

A
  • ventricles contract
  • atria relax
  • increases pressure in the ventricles
18
Q

Cardiac cycle

What happens during cardiac diastole?

A
  • ventricles + atria relax
  • blood returns to heart
  • atria is filled again
  • process begins again
19
Q

Cardiac cycle

Which valves are open during ventricular diastole + atrial systole?

A

AV valves

20
Q

Cardiac cycle

Which valves are open during ventricular systole + atrial diastole?

A

SL valves

21
Q

CORE PRACTICAL

What was the IV in the daphnia experiment?

A

Different concentrations of caffeine

22
Q

What are some of the ethical issues involved in using invertebrates?

A

Negative:
* They cant give consent
* They also feel pain
Positive:
* Invertebrates e.g daphnia have less sophisticated nervous system
* invertebrates are more distantly related to humans

23
Q

CVD

What is the process of atheroma formation?

A
  • Damage to endothelium lining of artery
  • Inflammatory reponse
  • White blood cells move into the area
  • Fats and white blood cells harden to form a plaque
  • Narrows lumen of the artery
  • Blood pressure increases

T1 Biology (1 decks)

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