Topic 18- Organic III

Question 1

Conditions and reagents for nitration of Benzene

Answer 1

Concentrated HNO3 and Concentrated H2SO4 (catalyst) 50-60 degrees

Question 2

Production of nitromiun electrophile

Answer 2

HNO3 + H2SO4 –> NO2+ + HSO4- + H2O

Question 3

What is equation for hydrogenation of Benzene?

Answer 3

C6H6 + 3H2 –> C6H12

Question 4

Conditions for hydrogenation of benzene

Answer 4

High pressure and temperature with nickel catalyst

Question 5

Conditions and reagents for bromination of Benzene

Answer 5

Heat under reflux- with halogen carrier catalyst

Question 6

Which inorganic product does phenol produce when reacting with Br2

Answer 6

HBr - forms white precipitate

Question 7

Why is phenol more reactive than benzene?

Answer 7

• the donation of the oxygens lone pair in the ring
  -increases electron density
  -making it much more reactive and susceptible towards electrophilic attack

Question 8

Problems with the Kekule structure

Answer 8

-Kekule would undergo addition reactions, would decolourise in bromine water, Benzene undergoes substitution
-Different bond lengths due to double bonds

Question 9

What is a zwitterion

Answer 9

A molecule containing positive and negative charges but which has no overall charge