Topic 18

Question 1

Amniote clade

Answer 1

unifying feature is amniotic egg
Reptilia and synapsids(mammals)

Question 2

What are the benefits of the amniotic egg?

Answer 2

-Shell to prevent desication
-gas exchange
-has nutrients too(yolk)
-does not need water

Question 3

other characteristics of terrestrial life(3)

Answer 3

-copulation and internal fertilization
-Waterproof skin –> keratin
-muscles w rib cage–> breathing

Question 4

Diapsid vs Synapsid vs Anapsid

Answer 4

Diapsid = 2 holes in skull
Synapsid= 1 Hole in skull
Anapsid= 0 holes in skull

Question 5

reptilia is

Answer 5

paraphyletic

Question 6

Characteristics of Non Avian reptilia(4)

Answer 6

Keratinous scales
shed
Leathery eggshell
Ectotherms(only uses 10% of calories a endotherm would use)

Question 7

Turtles characteristics

Answer 7

-bony,shell
-withdraw head in carapase
-intromittent organ
-ANAPSID

Question 8

Squamata
pe nis
limbs

Answer 8

-Lizards and snakes
-Loosely jointed
-paired hemipens DOUBLE PENIS
-lizards have well developed limbs
snakes- no limbs CRISPER

Question 9

Crocodilia characteristics

Answer 9

-Cannot chew, they spin
-Walk on land, run in short bursts
-Maternal care

Question 10

Orgin of birds
-acteraeopteryx

Answer 10

dinosaurs w feathers
Arc’teryx- teeth, bony tail, claws

Question 11

Tetrapod and bird similarities

Answer 11

theropod: dinosaur thing
-Scales
-Hollow bones
-Build nests, incubate eggs

Question 12

Class Aves
Derived Characters
(6)

Answer 12

-Monophyletic
-Endothermic
Derived characters
1.Feathers Synapomorphy
2. Hollow bones
3. reduced forelimb digits
-no claws
4.Horny Beak lack teeth
5. Gizzard- muscular stomach
-grind food
6. Reduced organs

Question 13

Feathers are a synapomorphy of

Answer 13

Scales

Question 14

Eggs from Aves have a

Answer 14

hard calcareous shell