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Computing > Topic 1.5 - Systems Analysis > Flashcards

Topic 1.5 - Systems Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two methodologies for systems analysis?

A
  • Waterfall

- Agile

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2
Q

When would you use the waterfall methodology?

A

When the requirements are known, clear and fixed and the technology is understood

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3
Q

When would you use the agile methodology?

A

When the end users’ needs are ever changing in a dynamic business or when they aren’t sure what type of system they want

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4
Q

What are the advantages of the waterfall method?

A
  • Criteria is documented and agreed upon
  • Stages aren’t revisited
  • Programmers have a clear idea of what they need to do
  • Easy to manage
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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of the waterfall method?

A
  • Criteria cannot be changed once it has been signed off
  • Difficult to fully understand users requirements at the start of the project
  • No working software is created until later in the project
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6
Q

What are the advantages of the agile methodology?

A
  • Working software delivered much sooner than waterfall
  • Less time spent on documenting
  • Change in circumstances can be accommodated for
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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of the agile methodology?

A
  • The project can be quickly taken of track if the user isn’t clear with their requirements
  • Difficult to assess the difficulty and length of the project
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8
Q

What is the first stage in the analysis of a system?

A

Feasibility study

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9
Q

What is the purpose of a feasibility study?

A

To decide whether a solution is possible or to decide whether the current system can be replaced / worth replacing
- Plus, seeing if it economically possible or possible to fir within a certain timetable

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10
Q

What is the acronym which outlines the different aims in the feasibility study?

A 
Seeing if its possible for the following:
T - Technologically
E - Economically
L - Legally
O - Operationally
S - Schedule
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11
Q

What are activities in a feasibility study?

A
  • Observing current system
  • Consulting current documentation
  • Storage considered
  • Interviews of users
  • Legal / Social / Environmental issues are considered
  • Possible solutions identified
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12
Q

What are the outcomes of a feasibility study?

A

Whether the project can be completed..

  • in the time scale
  • within the budget
  • if training is required for staff
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13
Q

What is the second stage in systems analysis?

A

The analysis stage

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14
Q

What are the main methods in the analysis stage?

A
  • Interviews
  • Questionnaires
  • Time and motion study
  • Research of similar solutions from similar businesses
  • Documentation inspection
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15
Q

What is a DFD and what does it look like?

A

Data Flow Diagram

  • Shows the flow of data through a system
  • From external entities
  • Through processes (verbs)
  • And into data stores
  • All data on arrows should be nouns
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16
Q

What is abstraction?

A

This is where unnecessary detail is ignored and only the important details are focused on.

17
Q

What is decomposition?

A

This is a way of organising complex problems into more atomic ones so a problem is easier to manage

18
Q

What is high level design?

A

High level design has three areas:

  • User interface
  • Logic
  • Data
19
Q

What are structure charts?

A

Similar to data flow diagrams however it shows the different functions and what parameters are passed between them

20
Q

What needs to be considered when planning the new system in terms of hardware and software?

A
  • Any off-the-shelf software needed needs to be listed
  • Whether existing hardware will be compatible with the new system
  • What new hardware will need to be purchased from input devices to storage such as servers
21
Q

What is the third stage in the systems analysis process?

A

The design stage

22
Q

What ‘D.D’ needs to be produced in the design stage? Give some field names

A

A data dictionary

  • Name
  • Description
  • Validation
  • Data type
  • If the data is calculated from other data or if it’s imputed
23
Q

What ‘D.S’ needs to be produced in the design stage? Give some details about this

A

Data structures

  • Needs to be normalised
  • Needs to show how data is related
  • File formats
  • Method of access
24
Q

What designs need to be documented in the design phase?

A
  • Form designs
  • Input box designs
  • Report designs
25
Q

What are the different types of testing?

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Acceptance testing
26
Q

What is alpha testing?

A

This is where in house development teams test the system to find errors

27
Q

What are the two types of alpha testing and what do they do?

A

White box - By programmers who understand the code and can test for efficiency
Black box - By developers who don’t know what the code does and they test it to see if it does what its supposed to do

28
Q

What is beta testing?

A

This involves using a large sample of real users to get feedback on the solution. It occurs later in development and problems and automatic feedback is delivered to the development team.

29
Q

What is acceptance testing?

A

This is the final stage in testing and it checks the following:

  • Meets customer specification
  • Whether any major changes are needed in operation procedures
  • To test the system in the environment it is going to be run in
30
Q

How is the agile method structured?

A

In short 30 day cycles where a working prototype is produced at the end of each

31
Q

What are the different types of changeover?

A

Direct - All at once
Phased - Different parts of the system change at different times
Pilot - One location trials the new system first

32
Q

What are the different ways of maintaining a system?

A

Perfective - Further improving performance and efficiency
Adaptive - Changing the system to meet the changing needs of the system
Corrective - Correcting errors not found in testing

33
Q

What are the different methods in backing up data?

A
  • Magnetic tape every evening
  • DVD / Blu-Ray (Long term storage)
  • Cloud storage
  • Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (server)

Computing (17 decks)

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