topic 12 reproduction

Question 1

what is reproduction?

Answer 1

producing more of the same organism

Question 2

what are the two main types of reproduction?

Answer 2

• asexual reproduction
• sexual reproduction

Question 3

what is sexual reproduction?

Answer 3

sexual reproduction requires two parents and the offspring are genetically different

Question 4

what is asexual reproduction?

Answer 4

asexual reproduction requires one parent and the offspring are genetically the same

Question 5

what is fertilisation?

Answer 5

a combination of DNA from each parent

Question 6

describe what happens during fertilisation (make sure to include the following terms: gamete, egg cell, sperm cell, fusion, nuclei, fertilization, zygote, organism)

Answer 6

The egg cell from a female fuses with the sperm cell from the male these reproductive cells (such as the sperm and egg cell) are known as gametes, and the process to form a new cell is fertilization. Like all cells, the gametes contain DNA, during fertilization, the DNA of each parent combines meaning when the cells fuse, they produce a new unique cell with a combination of the DNA of each parent, this new cell is called a zygote. The zygote divides into millions and millions of times and develops into a new organism

Question 7

what do gametes conatin?

Answer 7

the gametes contain dna

Question 8

where are the male and female gametes found in plants?

Answer 8

male - pollen grains
female - ovule

Question 9

what does an ovule turn into?

Answer 9

an ovule turns into a seed, which turns into a plant

Question 9

what are runners in asexual reproduction?

Answer 9

plants, long stems that grow horizontally in certain points along the runner new verticle stems and roots can form if separated from the parent plant these new stem and root systems the daughter plants can exist independently

Question 10

what is an example of bulbs?

Answer 10

onions

Question 11

what is an example of runners?

Answer 11

plants

Question 12

what is an example of tubers?

Answer 12

potatoes

Question 13

what are tubers in asexual reproduction?

Answer 13

potatoes, modified plant stems or roots, acting as a storage of food for a plant. If you wait too long to peat the potatoes, you might notice that they have grown little green shoots on them, this also happens to potatoes on the ground and these new stems can grow into new independent plants since they came for a single parent plant, have the same dna and are genetically identical to each other.

Question 14

what are bulbs in asexual reproduction?

Answer 14

onions, another type of modified stem again providing a storage of food, onions are a well known example. A single buld can produce daughter bulbs which can each grow into sperate genetically identical plants all the examples of asexual reproduction in plants are natural meaning they can occur in nature without any human involvment

Question 15

when do people use artificial asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 15

if the plant is useful to us for food, medicine etc

Question 16

what are cuttings in artificial asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 16

cutting a small section of a plant and putting it in the soil, the plant will grow roots and be an independent plant

Question 17

what are micropropagations in artificial asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 17

taking plant tissues from one plant in sterile laboratory conditions and allowing it to grow into new plants with the help of nutrients and hormones

Question 17

what are the two ways to perform artificial asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 17

• cuttings
• micropropagations

Question 18

what are the two types of asexual reproduction?

Answer 18

• artificial
• natural

Question 19

what is binary fission?

Answer 19

when bacteria is produced by a single bacterial cell by dividing into two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 20

what is budding?

Answer 20

when the duaghter cell

Question 21

how can yeast reproduce?

Answer 21

budding

Question 22

how can bacteria reproduce?

Answer 22

binary fission

Question 23

what are the petals? (structure of a flower)

Answer 23

they are very large and bright coloured to attract the insects

Question 24

what is the nectary? (structure of a flower)

Answer 24

produce nectar (a sugary substance that insects feed on)

Question 25

what is the stamen? (structure of a flower)

Answer 25

the male part of the flower

Question 26

what does the anther do? (structure of a flower)

Answer 26

produces pollen (which contains male gamete)

Question 27

what is the filament? (structure of a flower)

Answer 27

supports the anther

Question 28

what is the carpel? (structure of a flower)

Answer 28

the female part of the flower

Question 29

what is the stigma? (structure of a flower)

Answer 29

sticky structure that pollen attches to

Question 30

what is the ovary? (structure of a flower)

Answer 30

produces the female gametes (within the ovules) it will later delevop into a fruit

Question 31

what is the ovule? (structure of a flower)

Answer 31

contains the female gamete, it will later develop into a seed

Question 32

what is the style? (structure of a flower)

Answer 32

supports the stigma, connects the stigma to the ovary

Question 33

what is the stem? (structure of a flower)

Answer 33

supports the flower and raises it to an elevated position

Question 34

what is the receptacle? (structure of a flower)

Answer 34

englarged part of the stem which connects the stem to the flower and supports the weight of the flower

Question 35

what are the sepals? (structure of a flower)

Answer 35

protects the flower bud before the flower blooms and supports the petals after blooming